# Ensure Https
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off   
# U is a new flag to represent full URL rewrites
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.example.com$1 [L,U]

# Rewrite path with additional sub directory
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /foo$1

# Forbid a certain url from being accessed
RewriteRule /bar - [F]
RewriteRule /bar/ - [F]