diff --git a/samples/HostedInAspNet.Client/Program.cs b/samples/HostedInAspNet.Client/Program.cs
index c972eccd7f..2274c518cb 100644
--- a/samples/HostedInAspNet.Client/Program.cs
+++ b/samples/HostedInAspNet.Client/Program.cs
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ namespace HostedInAspNet.Client
         {
             // Temporarily render this test component until there's a proper mechanism
             // for testing this.
-            Renderer.Render(new MyComponent(), "app");
+            DOM.AttachComponent("app", new MyComponent());
         }
     }
 
     internal class MyComponent : IComponent
     {
-        public void Render(UITreeBuilder builder)
+        public void BuildUITree(UITreeBuilder builder)
         {
             builder.OpenElement("h1");
             builder.AddText("Hello from UITree");
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.JS/src/Rendering/Renderer.ts b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.JS/src/Rendering/Renderer.ts
index 81d62cde0b..91415fd055 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.JS/src/Rendering/Renderer.ts
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.JS/src/Rendering/Renderer.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,36 @@ import { System_String, System_Array } from '../Platform/Platform';
 import { platform } from '../Environment';
 import { getTreeNodePtr, uiTreeNode, NodeType, UITreeNodePointer } from './UITreeNode';
 
+// TODO: Instead of associating components to parent elements, associate them with a
+// start/end node, so that components don't have to be enclosed in a wrapper
+// TODO: To avoid leaking memory, automatically remove entries from this dict as soon
+// as the corresponding DOM nodes are removed (or maybe when the associated component
+// is disposed, assuming we can guarantee that always happens).
+const componentIdToParentElement: { [componentId: string]: Element } = {};
+
+registerFunction('_blazorAttachComponentToElement', attachComponentToElement);
 registerFunction('_blazorRender', renderUITree);
 
-function renderUITree(elementSelector: System_String, tree: System_Array, treeLength: number) {
+function attachComponentToElement(elementSelector: System_String, componentId: System_String) {
   const elementSelectorJs = platform.toJavaScriptString(elementSelector);
   const element = document.querySelector(elementSelectorJs);
   if (!element) {
-    throw new Error(`Could not find any element matching selector '${ elementSelectorJs }'.`);
+    throw new Error(`Could not find any element matching selector '${elementSelectorJs}'.`);
   }
 
   clearElement(element);
+
+  const componentIdJs = platform.toJavaScriptString(componentId);
+  componentIdToParentElement[componentIdJs] = element;
+}
+
+function renderUITree(componentId: System_String, tree: System_Array, treeLength: number) {
+  const componentIdJs = platform.toJavaScriptString(componentId);
+  const element = componentIdToParentElement[componentIdJs];
+  if (!element) {
+    throw new Error(`No element is currently associated with component ${componentIdJs}`);
+  }
+
   insertNodeRange(element, tree, 0, treeLength - 1);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOM.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOM.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c355928172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOM.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.Interop;
+using Microsoft.Blazor.Components;
+using Microsoft.Blazor.UITree;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Browser
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides mechanisms for displaying Blazor components in a browser Document
+    /// Object Model (DOM).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class DOM
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Associates the specified component with the specified DOM element, causing the
+        /// component to be displayed there.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="elementSelector">A CSS selector that identifies a unique DOM element.</param>
+        /// <param name="component">The component to be displayed in the DOM element.</param>
+        public static void AttachComponent(string elementSelector, IComponent component)
+        {
+            var renderState = DOMComponentRenderState.GetOrCreate(component);
+
+            RegisteredFunction.InvokeUnmarshalled<string, string, object>(
+                "_blazorAttachComponentToElement", elementSelector, renderState.DOMComponentId);
+
+            RefreshComponentInDOM(renderState);
+        }
+
+        private static void RefreshComponentInDOM(DOMComponentRenderState renderState)
+        {
+            var tree = renderState.UpdateRender();
+            RegisteredFunction.InvokeUnmarshalled<string, UITreeNode[], int, object>(
+                "_blazorRender",
+                renderState.DOMComponentId,
+                tree.Array,
+                tree.Count);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOMComponentRenderState.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOMComponentRenderState.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..970f2f2c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/DOMComponentRenderState.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Microsoft.Blazor.Components;
+using Microsoft.Blazor.UITree;
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Browser
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Tracks the rendering state associated with an <see cref="IComponent"/> that is
+    /// being displayed in the DOM.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class DOMComponentRenderState
+    {
+        private static ConditionalWeakTable<IComponent, DOMComponentRenderState> _stateInstances
+            = new ConditionalWeakTable<IComponent, DOMComponentRenderState>();
+        private static long _nextDOMComponentId = 0;
+
+        private readonly UITreeBuilder _uITreeBuilder; // TODO: Maintain two, so we can diff successive renders
+
+        public string DOMComponentId { get; }
+
+        public IComponent Component { get; }
+
+        private DOMComponentRenderState(string componentId, IComponent component)
+        {
+            DOMComponentId = DOMComponentId;
+            Component = component;
+            _uITreeBuilder = new UITreeBuilder();
+        }
+
+        public static DOMComponentRenderState GetOrCreate(IComponent component)
+        {
+            lock (_stateInstances)
+            {
+                if (_stateInstances.TryGetValue(component, out var existingState))
+                {
+                    return existingState;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var newId = (_nextDOMComponentId++).ToString();
+                    var newState = new DOMComponentRenderState(newId, component);
+                    _stateInstances.Add(component, newState);
+                    return newState;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ArraySegment<UITreeNode> UpdateRender()
+        {
+            _uITreeBuilder.Clear();
+            Component.BuildUITree(_uITreeBuilder);
+
+            // TODO: Change this to return a diff between the previous render result and this new one
+            return _uITreeBuilder.GetNodes();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Renderer.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Renderer.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index b7871525bd..0000000000
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Renderer.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
-
-using Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.Interop;
-using Microsoft.Blazor.Components;
-using Microsoft.Blazor.UITree;
-
-namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Browser
-{
-    public static class Renderer
-    {
-        public static void Render(IComponent component, string elementSelector)
-        {
-            var builder = new UITreeBuilder();
-            component.Render(builder);
-
-            var tree = builder.GetNodes();
-            RegisteredFunction.InvokeUnmarshalled<string, UITreeNode[], int, object>(
-                "_blazorRender", elementSelector, tree.Array, tree.Count);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Components/IComponent.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Components/IComponent.cs
index 95eef828d6..22c1cbbcc9 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Components/IComponent.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Components/IComponent.cs
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Components
     public interface IComponent
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Renders the component.
+        /// Builds a <see cref="UITree"/> representing the current state of the component.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="builder">A <see cref="UITreeBuilder"/> to which the rendered nodes should be appended.</param>
-        void Render(UITreeBuilder builder);
+        void BuildUITree(UITreeBuilder builder);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/Program.cs b/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/Program.cs
index 19a4ea56df..623ef67260 100644
--- a/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/Program.cs
+++ b/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/Program.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace BasicTestApp
         {
             var componentType = Type.GetType(componentTypeName);
             var componentInstance = (IComponent)Activator.CreateInstance(componentType);
-            Renderer.Render(componentInstance, "app");
+            DOM.AttachComponent("app", componentInstance);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/TextOnlyComponent.cs b/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/TextOnlyComponent.cs
index 70b1108c63..9fd64cc941 100644
--- a/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/TextOnlyComponent.cs
+++ b/test/testapps/BasicTestApp/TextOnlyComponent.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace BasicTestApp
 {
     public class TextOnlyComponent : IComponent
     {
-        public void Render(UITreeBuilder builder)
+        public void BuildUITree(UITreeBuilder builder)
         {
             builder.AddText($"Hello from {nameof(TextOnlyComponent)}");
         }