Use MessagePackReader \ MessagePackWriter to implement IHubProtocol for server-side Blazor (#8687)

* Use MessagePackReader \ MessagePackWriter to implement IHubProtocol for server-side Blazor

Fixes #7311

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 [submodule "googletest"]
 	path = src/submodules/googletest
 	url = https://github.com/google/googletest
+
+[submodule "src/submodules/MessagePack-CSharp"]
+	path = src/submodules/MessagePack-CSharp
+	url = https://github.com/aspnet/MessagePack-CSharp.git

src/Components/Browser.JS/src/Boot.Server.ts

@@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ async function boot() {
 }
 
 async function initializeConnection(circuitHandlers: CircuitHandler[]): Promise<signalR.HubConnection> {
+  const hubProtocol = new MessagePackHubProtocol();
+  (hubProtocol as any).name = 'blazorpack';
   const connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder()
     .withUrl('_blazor')
-    .withHubProtocol(new MessagePackHubProtocol())
+    .withHubProtocol(hubProtocol)
     .configureLogging(signalR.LogLevel.Information)
     .build();
 

src/Components/Server/src/BlazorPack/ArrayBufferWriter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+// Copied from https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/blob/b0751dcd4a419ba6731dcaa7d240a8a1946c934c/src/System.Text.Json/src/System/Text/Json/Serialization/ArrayBufferWriter.cs
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.BlazorPack
+{
+    // Note: this is currently an internal class that will be replaced with a shared version.
+    internal sealed class ArrayBufferWriter<T> : IBufferWriter<T>, IDisposable
+    {
+        private T[] _rentedBuffer;
+        private int _index;
+
+        private const int MinimumBufferSize = 256;
+
+        public ArrayBufferWriter()
+        {
+            _rentedBuffer = ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Rent(MinimumBufferSize);
+            _index = 0;
+        }
+
+        public ArrayBufferWriter(int initialCapacity)
+        {
+            if (initialCapacity <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(initialCapacity));
+            }
+
+            _rentedBuffer = ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Rent(initialCapacity);
+            _index = 0;
+        }
+
+        public ReadOnlyMemory<T> WrittenMemory
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                CheckIfDisposed();
+
+                return _rentedBuffer.AsMemory(0, _index);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int WrittenCount
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                CheckIfDisposed();
+
+                return _index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int Capacity
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                CheckIfDisposed();
+
+                return _rentedBuffer.Length;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public int FreeCapacity
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                CheckIfDisposed();
+
+                return _rentedBuffer.Length - _index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Clear()
+        {
+            CheckIfDisposed();
+
+            ClearHelper();
+        }
+
+        private void ClearHelper()
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_rentedBuffer != null);
+
+            _rentedBuffer.AsSpan(0, _index).Clear();
+            _index = 0;
+        }
+
+        // Returns the rented buffer back to the pool
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            if (_rentedBuffer == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ClearHelper();
+            ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Return(_rentedBuffer);
+            _rentedBuffer = null;
+        }
+
+        private void CheckIfDisposed()
+        {
+            if (_rentedBuffer == null)
+            {
+                ThrowObjectDisposedException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowObjectDisposedException()
+        {
+            throw new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(ArrayBufferWriter<T>));
+        }
+
+        public void Advance(int count)
+        {
+            CheckIfDisposed();
+
+            if (count < 0)
+                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(count));
+
+            if (_index > _rentedBuffer.Length - count)
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidOperationException(_rentedBuffer.Length);
+            }
+
+            _index += count;
+        }
+
+        public Memory<T> GetMemory(int sizeHint = 0)
+        {
+            CheckIfDisposed();
+
+            CheckAndResizeBuffer(sizeHint);
+            return _rentedBuffer.AsMemory(_index);
+        }
+
+        public Span<T> GetSpan(int sizeHint = 0)
+        {
+            CheckIfDisposed();
+
+            CheckAndResizeBuffer(sizeHint);
+            return _rentedBuffer.AsSpan(_index);
+        }
+
+        private void CheckAndResizeBuffer(int sizeHint)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(_rentedBuffer != null);
+
+            if (sizeHint < 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(nameof(sizeHint));
+            }
+
+            if (sizeHint == 0)
+            {
+                sizeHint = MinimumBufferSize;
+            }
+
+            var availableSpace = _rentedBuffer.Length - _index;
+
+            if (sizeHint > availableSpace)
+            {
+                var growBy = Math.Max(sizeHint, _rentedBuffer.Length);
+
+                var newSize = checked(_rentedBuffer.Length + growBy);
+
+                var oldBuffer = _rentedBuffer;
+
+                _rentedBuffer = ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Rent(newSize);
+
+                Debug.Assert(oldBuffer.Length >= _index);
+                Debug.Assert(_rentedBuffer.Length >= _index);
+
+                var previousBuffer = oldBuffer.AsSpan(0, _index);
+                previousBuffer.CopyTo(_rentedBuffer);
+                previousBuffer.Clear();
+                ArrayPool<T>.Shared.Return(oldBuffer);
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(_rentedBuffer.Length - _index > 0);
+            Debug.Assert(_rentedBuffer.Length - _index >= sizeHint);
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowInvalidOperationException(int capacity)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot advance past the end of the buffer, which has a size of {capacity}.");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Components/Server/src/BlazorPack/BlazorPackHubProtocol.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.ExceptionServices;
+using MessagePack;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Connections;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Internal;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.BlazorPack
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implements the SignalR Hub Protocol using MessagePack with limited type support.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal sealed class BlazorPackHubProtocol : IHubProtocol
+    {
+        internal const string ProtocolName = "blazorpack";
+        private const int ErrorResult = 1;
+        private const int VoidResult = 2;
+        private const int NonVoidResult = 3;
+
+        private static readonly int ProtocolVersion = 1;
+        private static readonly int ProtocolMinorVersion = 0;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Name => ProtocolName;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Version => ProtocolVersion;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int MinorVersion => ProtocolMinorVersion;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public TransferFormat TransferFormat => TransferFormat.Binary;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool IsVersionSupported(int version)
+        {
+            return version == Version;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool TryParseMessage(ref ReadOnlySequence<byte> input, IInvocationBinder binder, out HubMessage message)
+        {
+            if (!BinaryMessageParser.TryParseMessage(ref input, out var payload))
+            {
+                message = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var reader = new MessagePackReader(payload);
+
+            var itemCount = reader.ReadArrayHeader();
+            var messageType = ReadInt32(ref reader, "messageType");
+
+            switch (messageType)
+            {
+                case HubProtocolConstants.InvocationMessageType:
+                    message = CreateInvocationMessage(ref reader, binder, itemCount);
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.StreamInvocationMessageType:
+                    message = CreateStreamInvocationMessage(ref reader, binder, itemCount);
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.StreamItemMessageType:
+                    message = CreateStreamItemMessage(ref reader, binder);
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.CompletionMessageType:
+                    message = CreateCompletionMessage(ref reader, binder);
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.CancelInvocationMessageType:
+                    message = CreateCancelInvocationMessage(ref reader);
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.PingMessageType:
+                    message = PingMessage.Instance;
+                    return true;
+                case HubProtocolConstants.CloseMessageType:
+                    message = CreateCloseMessage(ref reader);
+                    return true;
+                default:
+                    // Future protocol changes can add message types, old clients can ignore them
+                    message = null;
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static HubMessage CreateInvocationMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader, IInvocationBinder binder, int itemCount)
+        {
+            var headers = ReadHeaders(ref reader);
+            var invocationId = ReadString(ref reader, "invocationId");
+
+            // For MsgPack, we represent an empty invocation ID as an empty string,
+            // so we need to normalize that to "null", which is what indicates a non-blocking invocation.
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(invocationId))
+            {
+                invocationId = null;
+            }
+
+            var target = ReadString(ref reader, "target");
+
+            object[] arguments;
+            try
+            {
+                var parameterTypes = binder.GetParameterTypes(target);
+                arguments = BindArguments(ref reader, parameterTypes);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                return new InvocationBindingFailureMessage(invocationId, target, ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(ex));
+            }
+
+            string[] streams = null;
+            // Previous clients will send 5 items, so we check if they sent a stream array or not
+            if (itemCount > 5)
+            {
+                streams = ReadStreamIds(ref reader);
+            }
+
+            return ApplyHeaders(headers, new InvocationMessage(invocationId, target, arguments, streams));
+        }
+
+        private static HubMessage CreateStreamInvocationMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader, IInvocationBinder binder, int itemCount)
+        {
+            var headers = ReadHeaders(ref reader);
+            var invocationId = ReadString(ref reader, "invocationId");
+            var target = ReadString(ref reader, "target"); ;
+
+            object[] arguments;
+            try
+            {
+                var parameterTypes = binder.GetParameterTypes(target);
+                arguments = BindArguments(ref reader, parameterTypes);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                return new InvocationBindingFailureMessage(invocationId, target, ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(ex));
+            }
+
+            string[] streams = null;
+            // Previous clients will send 5 items, so we check if they sent a stream array or not
+            if (itemCount > 5)
+            {
+                streams = ReadStreamIds(ref reader);
+            }
+
+            return ApplyHeaders(headers, new StreamInvocationMessage(invocationId, target, arguments, streams));
+        }
+
+        private static StreamItemMessage CreateStreamItemMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var headers = ReadHeaders(ref reader);
+            var invocationId = ReadString(ref reader, "invocationId");
+
+            var itemType = binder.GetStreamItemType(invocationId);
+            var value = DeserializeObject(ref reader, itemType, "item");
+            return ApplyHeaders(headers, new StreamItemMessage(invocationId, value));
+        }
+
+        private static CompletionMessage CreateCompletionMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var headers = ReadHeaders(ref reader);
+            var invocationId = ReadString(ref reader, "invocationId");
+            var resultKind = ReadInt32(ref reader, "resultKind");
+
+            string error = null;
+            object result = null;
+            var hasResult = false;
+
+            switch (resultKind)
+            {
+                case ErrorResult:
+                    error = ReadString(ref reader, "error");
+                    break;
+                case NonVoidResult:
+                    var itemType = binder.GetReturnType(invocationId);
+                    result = DeserializeObject(ref reader, itemType, "argument");
+                    hasResult = true;
+                    break;
+                case VoidResult:
+                    hasResult = false;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidDataException("Invalid invocation result kind.");
+            }
+
+            return ApplyHeaders(headers, new CompletionMessage(invocationId, error, result, hasResult));
+        }
+
+        private static CancelInvocationMessage CreateCancelInvocationMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader)
+        {
+            var headers = ReadHeaders(ref reader);
+            var invocationId = ReadString(ref reader, "invocationId");
+            return ApplyHeaders(headers, new CancelInvocationMessage(invocationId));
+        }
+
+        private static CloseMessage CreateCloseMessage(ref MessagePackReader reader)
+        {
+            var error = ReadString(ref reader, "error");
+            return new CloseMessage(error);
+        }
+
+        private static Dictionary<string, string> ReadHeaders(ref MessagePackReader reader)
+        {
+            var headerCount = ReadMapHeader(ref reader, "headers");
+            if (headerCount == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+            for (var i = 0; i < headerCount; i++)
+            {
+                var key = ReadString(ref reader, $"headers[{i}].Key");
+                var value = ReadString(ref reader, $"headers[{i}].Value");
+
+                headers[key] = value;
+            }
+
+            return headers;
+        }
+
+        private static string[] ReadStreamIds(ref MessagePackReader reader)
+        {
+            var streamIdCount = ReadArrayHeader(ref reader, "streamIds");
+
+            if (streamIdCount == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var streams = new List<string>();
+            for (var i = 0; i < streamIdCount; i++)
+            {
+                streams.Add(reader.ReadString());
+            }
+
+            return streams.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private static object[] BindArguments(ref MessagePackReader reader, IReadOnlyList<Type> parameterTypes)
+        {
+            var argumentCount = ReadArrayHeader(ref reader, "arguments");
+
+            if (parameterTypes.Count != argumentCount)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException(
+                    $"Invocation provides {argumentCount} argument(s) but target expects {parameterTypes.Count}.");
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                var arguments = new object[argumentCount];
+                for (var i = 0; i < argumentCount; i++)
+                {
+                    arguments[i] = DeserializeObject(ref reader, parameterTypes[i], "argument");
+                }
+
+                return arguments;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException("Error binding arguments. Make sure that the types of the provided values match the types of the hub method being invoked.", ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public void WriteMessage(HubMessage message, IBufferWriter<byte> output)
+        {
+            var writer = MemoryBufferWriter.Get();
+
+            try
+            {
+                // Write message to a buffer so we can get its length
+                WriteMessageCore(message, writer);
+
+                // Write length then message to output
+                BinaryMessageFormatter.WriteLengthPrefix(writer.Length, output);
+                writer.CopyTo(output);
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                MemoryBufferWriter.Return(writer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ///// <inheritdoc />
+        public ReadOnlyMemory<byte> GetMessageBytes(HubMessage message)
+        {
+            using var writer = new ArrayBufferWriter<byte>();
+
+            // Write message to a buffer so we can get its length
+            WriteMessageCore(message, writer);
+
+            var memory = writer.WrittenMemory;
+
+            var dataLength = memory.Length;
+            var prefixLength = BinaryMessageFormatter.LengthPrefixLength(dataLength);
+
+            var array = new byte[dataLength + prefixLength];
+            var span = array.AsSpan();
+
+            // Write length then message to output
+            var written = BinaryMessageFormatter.WriteLengthPrefix(dataLength, span);
+            Debug.Assert(written == prefixLength);
+
+            memory.Span.CopyTo(span.Slice(prefixLength));
+
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        private void WriteMessageCore(HubMessage message, IBufferWriter<byte> bufferWriter)
+        {
+            var writer = new MessagePackWriter(bufferWriter);
+
+            switch (message)
+            {
+                case InvocationMessage invocationMessage:
+                    WriteInvocationMessage(invocationMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case StreamInvocationMessage streamInvocationMessage:
+                    WriteStreamInvocationMessage(streamInvocationMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case StreamItemMessage streamItemMessage:
+                    WriteStreamingItemMessage(streamItemMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case CompletionMessage completionMessage:
+                    WriteCompletionMessage(completionMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case CancelInvocationMessage cancelInvocationMessage:
+                    WriteCancelInvocationMessage(cancelInvocationMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case PingMessage pingMessage:
+                    WritePingMessage(pingMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                case CloseMessage closeMessage:
+                    WriteCloseMessage(closeMessage, ref writer);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidDataException($"Unexpected message type: {message.GetType().Name}");
+            }
+
+            writer.Flush();
+        }
+
+        private void WriteInvocationMessage(InvocationMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(6);
+
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.InvocationMessageType);
+            PackHeaders(ref writer, message.Headers);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message.InvocationId))
+            {
+                writer.WriteNil();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.Write(message.InvocationId);
+            }
+            writer.Write(message.Target);
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(message.Arguments.Length);
+            foreach (var arg in message.Arguments)
+            {
+                SerializeArgument(ref writer, arg);
+            }
+
+            WriteStreamIds(message.StreamIds, ref writer);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStreamInvocationMessage(StreamInvocationMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(6);
+
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.StreamInvocationMessageType);
+            PackHeaders(ref writer, message.Headers);
+            writer.Write(message.InvocationId);
+            writer.Write(message.Target);
+
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(message.Arguments.Length);
+            foreach (var arg in message.Arguments)
+            {
+                SerializeArgument(ref writer, arg);
+            }
+
+            WriteStreamIds(message.StreamIds, ref writer);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStreamingItemMessage(StreamItemMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(4);
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.StreamItemMessageType);
+            PackHeaders(ref writer, message.Headers);
+            writer.Write(message.InvocationId);
+            SerializeArgument(ref writer, message.Item);
+        }
+
+        private void SerializeArgument(ref MessagePackWriter writer, object argument)
+        {
+            switch (argument)
+            {
+                case null:
+                    writer.WriteNil();
+                    break;
+
+                case bool boolValue:
+                    writer.Write(boolValue);
+                    break;
+
+                case string stringValue:
+                    writer.Write(stringValue);
+                    break;
+
+                case int intValue:
+                    writer.Write(intValue);
+                    break;
+
+                case long longValue:
+                    writer.Write(longValue);
+                    break;
+
+                case float floatValue:
+                    writer.Write(floatValue);
+                    break;
+
+                case byte[] byteArray:
+                    writer.Write(byteArray);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new FormatException($"Unsupported argument type {argument.GetType()}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static object DeserializeObject(ref MessagePackReader reader, Type type, string field)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (type == typeof(string))
+                {
+                    return ReadString(ref reader, "argument");
+                }
+                else if (type == typeof(bool))
+                {
+                    return reader.ReadBoolean();
+                }
+                else if (type == typeof(int))
+                {
+                    return reader.ReadInt32();
+                }
+                else if (type == typeof(long))
+                {
+                    return reader.ReadInt64();
+                }
+                else if (type == typeof(float))
+                {
+                    return reader.ReadSingle();
+                }
+                else if (type == typeof(byte[]))
+                {
+                    var bytes = reader.ReadBytes();
+                    // MessagePack ensures there are at least as many bytes in the message as declared by the byte header.
+                    // Consequently it is safe to do ToArray on the returned SequenceReader instance.
+                    return bytes.ToArray();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidDataException($"Deserializing object of the `{type.Name}` type for '{field}' failed.", ex);
+            }
+
+            throw new FormatException($"Type {type} is not supported");
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStreamIds(string[] streamIds, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            if (streamIds != null)
+            {
+                writer.WriteArrayHeader(streamIds.Length);
+                foreach (var streamId in streamIds)
+                {
+                    writer.Write(streamId);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteArrayHeader(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteCompletionMessage(CompletionMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            var resultKind =
+                message.Error != null ? ErrorResult :
+                message.HasResult ? NonVoidResult :
+                VoidResult;
+
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(4 + (resultKind != VoidResult ? 1 : 0));
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.CompletionMessageType);
+            PackHeaders(ref writer, message.Headers);
+            writer.Write(message.InvocationId);
+            writer.Write(resultKind);
+            switch (resultKind)
+            {
+                case ErrorResult:
+                    writer.Write(message.Error);
+                    break;
+                case NonVoidResult:
+                    SerializeArgument(ref writer, message.Result);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WriteCancelInvocationMessage(CancelInvocationMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(3);
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.CancelInvocationMessageType);
+            PackHeaders(ref writer, message.Headers);
+            writer.Write(message.InvocationId);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteCloseMessage(CloseMessage message, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(2);
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.CloseMessageType);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message.Error))
+            {
+                writer.WriteNil();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.Write(message.Error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void WritePingMessage(PingMessage _, ref MessagePackWriter writer)
+        {
+            writer.WriteArrayHeader(1);
+            writer.Write(HubProtocolConstants.PingMessageType);
+        }
+
+        private void PackHeaders(ref MessagePackWriter writer, IDictionary<string, string> headers)
+        {
+            if (headers == null)
+            {
+                writer.WriteMapHeader(0);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteMapHeader(headers.Count);
+            foreach (var header in headers)
+            {
+                writer.Write(header.Key);
+                writer.Write(header.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static T ApplyHeaders<T>(IDictionary<string, string> source, T destination) where T : HubInvocationMessage
+        {
+            if (source != null && source.Count > 0)
+            {
+                destination.Headers = source;
+            }
+
+            return destination;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static int ReadInt32(ref MessagePackReader reader, string field)
+        {
+            if (reader.End || reader.NextMessagePackType != MessagePackType.Integer)
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidDataException(field, "Int32");
+            }
+
+            return reader.ReadInt32();
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static string ReadString(ref MessagePackReader reader, string field)
+        {
+            if (reader.End)
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidDataException(field, "String");
+            }
+
+            if (reader.IsNil)
+            {
+                reader.ReadNil();
+                return null;
+            }
+            else if (reader.NextMessagePackType == MessagePackType.String)
+            {
+                return reader.ReadString();
+            }
+
+            ThrowInvalidDataException(field, "String");
+            return null; //This should never be reached.
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static int ReadArrayHeader(ref MessagePackReader reader, string field)
+        {
+            if (reader.End || reader.NextMessagePackType != MessagePackType.Array)
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidCollectionLengthException(field, "array");
+            }
+
+            return reader.ReadArrayHeader();
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private static int ReadMapHeader(ref MessagePackReader reader, string field)
+        {
+            if (reader.End || reader.NextMessagePackType != MessagePackType.Map)
+            {
+                ThrowInvalidCollectionLengthException(field, "map");
+            }
+
+            return reader.ReadMapHeader();
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowInvalidDataException(string field, string targetType)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException($"Reading '{field}' as {targetType} failed.");
+        }
+
+        private static void ThrowInvalidCollectionLengthException(string field, string collection)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException($"Reading {collection} length for '{field}' failed.");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Components/Server/src/BlazorPack/NativeDateTimeFormatter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+namespace MessagePack.Formatters
+{
+    internal class NativeDateTimeFormatter
+    {
+    }
+}

src/Components/Server/src/Circuits/MessagePackBufferStream.cs

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
-
-using MessagePack;
-using System;
-using System.IO;
-
-namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.Circuits
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// Provides Stream APIs for writing to a MessagePack-supplied expandable buffer.
-    /// </summary>
-    internal class MessagePackBufferStream : Stream
-    {
-        private byte[] _buffer;
-        private int _headerStartOffset;
-        private int _bodyLength;
-
-        public MessagePackBufferStream(byte[] buffer, int offset)
-        {
-            _buffer = buffer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(buffer));
-            _headerStartOffset = offset;
-            _bodyLength = 0;
-        }
-
-        public byte[] Buffer => _buffer;
-
-        public override bool CanRead => false;
-        public override bool CanSeek => false;
-        public override bool CanWrite => true;
-
-        // Length is the complete number of bytes being output
-        public override long Length => _bodyLength;
-
-        // Position is the index into the writable body (i.e., so position zero
-        // is the first byte you can actually write a value to)
-        public override long Position
-        {
-            get => _bodyLength;
-            set => throw new NotSupportedException();
-        }
-
-        public override void Flush()
-        {
-            // Nothing to do, as we're not buffering separately anyway
-        }
-
-        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
-            => throw new NotImplementedException();
-
-        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
-            => throw new NotImplementedException();
-
-        public override void SetLength(long value)
-            => throw new NotImplementedException();
-
-        public override void Write(byte[] src, int srcOffset, int count)
-        {
-            var outputOffset = _headerStartOffset + _bodyLength;
-            MessagePackBinary.EnsureCapacity(ref _buffer, outputOffset, count);
-            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(src, srcOffset, _buffer, outputOffset, count);
-            _bodyLength += count;
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Components/Server/src/Circuits/RemoteRenderer.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
 using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
@@ -114,7 +115,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Browser.Rendering
             // snapshot its contents now.
             // TODO: Consider using some kind of array pool instead of allocating a new
             //       buffer on every render.
-            var batchBytes = MessagePackSerializer.Serialize(batch, RenderBatchFormatterResolver.Instance);
+            byte[] batchBytes;
+            using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                using (var renderBatchWriter = new RenderBatchWriter(memoryStream, false))
+                {
+                    renderBatchWriter.Write(in batch);
+                }
+
+                batchBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
+            }
 
             if (!_client.Connected)
             {

src/Components/Server/src/Circuits/RenderBatchFormatterResolver.cs

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
-
-using MessagePack;
-using MessagePack.Formatters;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Rendering;
-using System;
-
-namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.Circuits
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// A MessagePack IFormatterResolver that provides an efficient binary serialization
-    /// of <see cref="RenderBatch"/>. The client-side code knows how to walk through this
-    /// binary representation directly, without it first being parsed as an object graph.
-    /// </summary>
-    internal class RenderBatchFormatterResolver : IFormatterResolver
-    {
-        public static readonly RenderBatchFormatterResolver Instance = new RenderBatchFormatterResolver();
-
-        public IMessagePackFormatter<T> GetFormatter<T>()
-            => typeof(T) == typeof(RenderBatch) ? (IMessagePackFormatter<T>)RenderBatchFormatter.Instance : null;
-
-        private class RenderBatchFormatter : IMessagePackFormatter<RenderBatch>
-        {
-            public static readonly RenderBatchFormatter Instance = new RenderBatchFormatter();
-
-            // No need to accept incoming RenderBatch
-            public RenderBatch Deserialize(byte[] bytes, int offset, IFormatterResolver formatterResolver, out int readSize)
-                => throw new NotImplementedException();
-
-            public int Serialize(ref byte[] bytes, int offset, RenderBatch value, IFormatterResolver formatterResolver)
-            {
-                // Instead of using MessagePackBinary.WriteBytes, we write into a stream that
-                // knows how to write the data using MessagePack writer APIs. The benefit
-                // is that we don't have to allocate a second large buffer to capture the
-                // RenderBatchWriter output - we can just write directly to the underlying
-                // output buffer.
-                using (var bufferStream = new MessagePackBufferStream(bytes, offset))
-                using (var renderBatchWriter = new RenderBatchWriter(bufferStream, leaveOpen: false))
-                {
-                    renderBatchWriter.Write(value);
-
-                    bytes = bufferStream.Buffer; // In case the buffer was expanded
-                    return (int)bufferStream.Length;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Components/Server/src/DependencyInjection/ComponentServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.BlazorPack;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.Circuits;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Services;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 using Microsoft.JSInterop;
@@ -23,7 +25,15 @@ namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
         /// <returns>The <see cref="IServiceCollection"/>.</returns>
         public static IServiceCollection AddRazorComponents(this IServiceCollection services)
         {
-            services.AddSignalR().AddMessagePackProtocol();
+            services.AddSignalR()
+                .AddHubOptions<ComponentHub>(options =>
+            {
+                options.SupportedProtocols.Clear();
+                options.SupportedProtocols.Add(BlazorPackHubProtocol.ProtocolName);
+            });
+
+            // Register the Blazor specific hub protocol
+            services.TryAddEnumerable(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IHubProtocol, BlazorPackHubProtocol>());
 
             // Here we add a bunch of services that don't vary in any way based on the
             // user's configuration. So even if the user has multiple independent server-side

src/Components/Server/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.csproj

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     <IsShippingPackage>true</IsShippingPackage>
     <GenerateEmbeddedFilesManifest>true</GenerateEmbeddedFilesManifest>
     <HasReferenceAssembly>false</HasReferenceAssembly>
+    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <!-- Producing this package requires building with NodeJS enabled. -->
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@
   <ItemGroup>
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Browser" />
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR" />
-    <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocols.MessagePack" />  
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles" />
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory" />
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.Composite" />
@@ -33,6 +33,31 @@
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <MessagePackRoot>$(RepositoryRoot)src\submodules\MessagePack-CSharp\src\MessagePack\</MessagePackRoot>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="$(RepositoryRoot)src\SignalR\common\Shared\BinaryMessageFormatter.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(RepositoryRoot)src\SignalR\common\Shared\BinaryMessageParser.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(RepositoryRoot)src\SignalR\common\Shared\MemoryBufferWriter.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack" />
+
+    <!-- MessagePack -->
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)BufferWriter.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)ExtensionHeader.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)ExtensionResult.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)MessagePackCode.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)MessagePackReader.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)MessagePackReader.Integers.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)MessagePackWriter.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)Nil.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)FloatBits.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)Internal\DateTimeConstants.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)StringEncoding.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)SequenceReader.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+    <Compile Include="$(MessagePackRoot)SequenceReaderExtensions.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack\MessagePack" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(BuildNodeJS)' != 'false'">
     <!-- We need .Browser.JS to build first so we can embed its .js output -->
     <EmbeddedResource Include="..\..\Browser.JS\src\dist\components.server.js" LogicalName="_framework\%(Filename)%(Extension)" />

src/Components/Server/test/BlazorPack/BlazorPackHubProtocolTest.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.BlazorPack
+{
+    public class BlazorPackHubProtocolTest : MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase
+    {
+        protected override IHubProtocol HubProtocol { get; } = new BlazorPackHubProtocol();
+    }
+}

src/Components/Server/test/Circuits/MessagePackBufferStreamTest.cs

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
-
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.Circuits;
-using System;
-using Xunit;
-
-namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server
-{
-    public class MessagePackBufferStreamTest
-    {
-        [Fact]
-        public void NullBuffer_Throws()
-        {
-            var ex = Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() =>
-            {
-                new MessagePackBufferStream(null, 0);
-            });
-
-            Assert.Equal("buffer", ex.ParamName);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void WithWrites_WritesToUnderlyingBuffer()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var buffer = new byte[100];
-            var offset = 58; // Arbitrary
-
-            // Act/Assert
-            using (var stream = new MessagePackBufferStream(buffer, offset))
-            {
-                stream.Write(new byte[] { 10, 20, 30, 40 }, 1, 2); // Write 2 bytes
-                stream.Write(new byte[] { 101 }, 0, 1); // Write another 1 byte
-                stream.Close();
-
-                Assert.Equal(20, buffer[offset]);
-                Assert.Equal(30, buffer[offset + 1]);
-                Assert.Equal(101, buffer[offset + 2]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void LengthAndPositionAreEquivalent()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var buffer = new byte[20];
-            var offset = 3;
-
-            // Act/Assert
-            using (var stream = new MessagePackBufferStream(buffer, offset))
-            {
-                stream.Write(new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 }, 0, 2);
-                Assert.Equal(2, stream.Length);
-                Assert.Equal(2, stream.Position);
-            }
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void WithWrites_ExpandsBufferWhenNeeded()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var origBuffer = new byte[10];
-            var offset = 6;
-            origBuffer[0] = 123; // So we can check it was retained during expansion
-
-            // Act/Assert
-            using (var stream = new MessagePackBufferStream(origBuffer, offset))
-            {
-                // We can fit the 6-byte offset plus 3 written bytes
-                // into the original 10-byte buffer
-                stream.Write(new byte[] { 10, 20, 30 }, 0, 3);
-                Assert.Same(origBuffer, stream.Buffer);
-
-                // Trying to add two more exceeds the capacity, so the buffer expands
-                stream.Write(new byte[] { 40, 50 }, 0, 2);
-                Assert.NotSame(origBuffer, stream.Buffer);
-                Assert.True(stream.Buffer.Length > origBuffer.Length);
-
-                // Check the expanded buffer has the expected contents
-                stream.Close();
-                Assert.Equal(123, stream.Buffer[0]); // Retains other values from original buffer
-                Assert.Equal(10, stream.Buffer[offset]);
-                Assert.Equal(20, stream.Buffer[offset + 1]);
-                Assert.Equal(30, stream.Buffer[offset + 2]);
-                Assert.Equal(40, stream.Buffer[offset + 3]);
-                Assert.Equal(50, stream.Buffer[offset + 4]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        int ReadBigEndianInt32(byte[] buffer, int startOffset)
-        {
-            return (buffer[startOffset] << 24)
-                + (buffer[startOffset + 1] << 16)
-                + (buffer[startOffset + 2] << 8)
-                + (buffer[startOffset + 3]);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Components/Server/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Server.Tests.csproj

@@ -11,8 +11,16 @@
     <Reference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Testing" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <SignalRTestBase>$(RepositoryRoot)src\SignalR\common\SignalR.Common\test\Internal\Protocol\</SignalRTestBase>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <Compile Include="..\..\Components\test\Rendering\HtmlRendererTestBase.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="$(SignalRTestBase)HubMessageHelpers.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(SignalRTestBase)MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(SignalRTestBase)TestBinder.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(SignalRTestBase)TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.cs" LinkBase="BlazorPack"/>
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>

src/SignalR/common/SignalR.Common/test/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Internal;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    using static HubMessageHelpers;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Common MessagePack-based hub protocol tests that is shared by MessagePackHubProtocol and Blazor's internal messagepack based-hub protocol.
+    /// Since the latter only supports simple data types such as ints, strings, bools, and bytes for serialization, only tests that
+    /// require no serialization (or deserialization), or tests that serialize simple data types should go here.
+    /// Tests that verify deserialization of complex data types should go in MessagePackHubProtocolTests.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase
+    {
+        protected static readonly IDictionary<string, string> TestHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>
+        {
+            { "Foo", "Bar" },
+            { "KeyWith\nNew\r\nLines", "Still Works" },
+            { "ValueWithNewLines", "Also\nWorks\r\nFine" },
+        };
+
+        protected abstract IHubProtocol HubProtocol { get; }
+
+        public enum TestEnum
+        {
+            Zero = 0,
+            One
+        }
+
+        // Test Data for Parse/WriteMessages:
+        // * Name: A string name that is used when reporting the test (it's the ToString value for ProtocolTestData)
+        // * Message: The HubMessage that is either expected (in Parse) or used as input (in Write)
+        // * Binary: Base64-encoded binary "baseline" to sanity-check MessagePack-CSharp behavior
+        //
+        // When changing the tests/message pack parsing if you get test failures look at the base64 encoding and
+        // use a tool like https://sugendran.github.io/msgpack-visualizer/ to verify that the MsgPack is correct and then just replace the Base64 value.
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> BaseTestDataNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                foreach (var k in BaseTestData.Keys)
+                {
+                    yield return new object[] { k };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static IDictionary<string, ProtocolTestData> BaseTestData => new[]
+        {
+            // Invocation messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersAndNoArgs",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>()),
+                binary: "lgGAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndNoArgs",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", Array.Empty<object>()),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndSingleIntArg",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42 }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SRKpA="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdIntAndStringArgs",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, "string" }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SSKqZzdHJpbmeQ"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithStreamArgument",
+                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSQkatfX3Rlc3RfaWRfXw=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithStreamAndNormalArgument",
+                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", new object[] { 42 }, new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSRKpGrX190ZXN0X2lkX18="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithMulitpleStreams",
+                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__", "__test_id2__" }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSQkqtfX3Rlc3RfaWRfX6xfX3Rlc3RfaWQyX18="),
+
+            // StreamItem Messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndIntItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: 42),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5eio="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndFloatItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: 42.0f),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5espCKAAA"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndStringItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: "string"),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5eqZzdHJpbmc="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndBoolItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: true),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5esM="),
+
+            // Completion Messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndError",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithError("xyz", error: "Error not found!"),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egGwRXJyb3Igbm90IGZvdW5kIQ=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndError",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.WithError("xyz", error: "Error not found!")),
+                binary: "lQODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6AbBFcnJvciBub3QgZm91bmQh"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndNoResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.Empty("xyz"),
+                binary: "lAOAo3h5egI="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndNoResult",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.Empty("xyz")),
+                binary: "lAODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6Ag=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndIntResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: 42),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egMq"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndFloatResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: 42.0f),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPKQigAAA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndStringResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: "string"),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOmc3RyaW5n"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndBooleanResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: true),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPD"),
+
+            // StreamInvocation Messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndNoArgs",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>()),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntArg",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42 }),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRKpA="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithStreamArgument",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkatfX3Rlc3RfaWRfXw=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithStreamAndNormalArgument",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42 }, new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRKpGrX190ZXN0X2lkX18="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntAndStringArgs",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42, "string" }),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SSKqZzdHJpbmeQ"),
+
+            // CancelInvocation Messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CancelInvocationWithNoHeaders",
+                message: new CancelInvocationMessage("xyz"),
+                binary: "kwWAo3h5eg=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CancelInvocationWithHeaders",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new CancelInvocationMessage("xyz")),
+                binary: "kwWDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6"),
+
+            // Ping Messages
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "Ping",
+                message: PingMessage.Instance,
+                binary: "kQY="),
+        }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(BaseTestDataNames))]
+        public void BaseParseMessages(string testDataName)
+        {
+            var testData = BaseTestData[testDataName];
+
+            TestParseMessages(testData);
+        }
+
+        protected void TestParseMessages(ProtocolTestData testData)
+        {
+            // Verify that the input binary string decodes to the expected MsgPack primitives
+            var bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(testData.Binary);
+
+            // Parse the input fully now.
+            bytes = Frame(bytes);
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
+            Assert.True(HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, new TestBinder(testData.Message), out var message));
+
+            Assert.NotNull(message);
+            Assert.Equal(testData.Message, message, TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParseMessageWithExtraData()
+        {
+            var expectedMessage = new InvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>());
+
+            // Verify that the input binary string decodes to the expected MsgPack primitives
+            var bytes = new byte[] { ArrayBytes(8),
+                1,
+                0x80,
+                StringBytes(3), (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z',
+                StringBytes(6), (byte)'m', (byte)'e', (byte)'t', (byte)'h', (byte)'o', (byte)'d',
+                ArrayBytes(0), // Arguments
+                ArrayBytes(0), // Streams
+                0xc3,
+                StringBytes(2), (byte)'e', (byte)'x' };
+
+            // Parse the input fully now.
+            bytes = Frame(bytes);
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
+            Assert.True(HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, new TestBinder(expectedMessage), out var message));
+
+            Assert.NotNull(message);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedMessage, message, TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(BaseTestDataNames))]
+        public void BaseWriteMessages(string testDataName)
+        {
+            var testData = BaseTestData[testDataName];
+
+            TestWriteMessages(testData);
+        }
+
+        protected void TestWriteMessages(ProtocolTestData testData)
+        {
+            var bytes = Write(testData.Message);
+
+            // Unframe the message to check the binary encoding
+            var byteSpan = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
+            Assert.True(BinaryMessageParser.TryParseMessage(ref byteSpan, out var unframed));
+
+            // Check the baseline binary encoding, use Assert.True in order to configure the error message
+            var actual = Convert.ToBase64String(unframed.ToArray());
+            Assert.True(string.Equals(actual, testData.Binary, StringComparison.Ordinal), $"Binary encoding changed from{Environment.NewLine} [{testData.Binary}]{Environment.NewLine} to{Environment.NewLine} [{actual}]{Environment.NewLine}Please verify the MsgPack output and update the baseline");
+        }
+
+        public static IDictionary<string, InvalidMessageData> BaseInvalidPayloads => new[]
+        {
+            // Message Type
+            new InvalidMessageData("MessageTypeString", new byte[] { 0x91, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'messageType' as Int32 failed."),
+
+            // Headers
+            new InvalidMessageData("HeadersNotAMap", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading map length for 'headers' failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderKeyInt", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x82, 0x2a, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'headers[0].Key' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderValueInt", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x82, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 42 }, "Reading 'headers[0].Value' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderKeyArray", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x84, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0x90, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'headers[1].Key' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderValueArray", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x84, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0x90 }, "Reading 'headers[1].Value' as String failed."),
+
+            // InvocationMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x91, 1, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationTargetMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c' }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationTargetInt", new byte[] { 0x94, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 42 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+
+            // StreamInvocationMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 4, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 4, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationTargetMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c' }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationTargetInt", new byte[] { 0x94, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 42 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+
+            // StreamItemMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 2, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemInvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 2, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 2, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x94, 2, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed."),
+
+            // CompletionMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 3, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 3, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultKindString", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading 'resultKind' as Int32 failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultKindOutOfRange", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Invalid invocation result kind."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionErrorMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x01 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionErrorInt", new byte[] { 0x95, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x01, 42 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x03 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x03, 42 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed."),
+        }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> BaseInvalidPayloadNames => BaseInvalidPayloads.Keys.Select(name => new object[] { name });
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(BaseInvalidPayloadNames))]
+        public void ParserThrowsForInvalidMessages(string invalidPayloadName)
+        {
+            var testData = BaseInvalidPayloads[invalidPayloadName];
+
+            TestInvalidMessageDate(testData);
+        }
+
+        protected void TestInvalidMessageDate(InvalidMessageData testData)
+        {
+            var buffer = Frame(testData.Encoded);
+            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(buffer);
+            var exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out _));
+
+            Assert.Equal(testData.ErrorMessage, exception.Message);
+        }
+
+        public static IDictionary<string, InvalidMessageData> ArgumentBindingErrors => new[]
+        {
+            // InvocationMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArrayMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArrayNotAnArray", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchEmpty", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x90 }, "Invocation provides 0 argument(s) but target expects 1."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchTooLarge", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x92, 0xa1, (byte)'a', 0xa1, (byte)'b' }, "Invocation provides 2 argument(s) but target expects 1."),
+            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x91, 42 }, "Error binding arguments. Make sure that the types of the provided values match the types of the hub method being invoked."),
+
+            // StreamInvocationMessage
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArrayMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."), // array is missing
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArrayNotAnArray", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."), // arguments isn't an array
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchEmpty", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x90 }, "Invocation provides 0 argument(s) but target expects 1."), // array is missing elements
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchTooLarge", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x92, 0xa1, (byte)'a', 0xa1, (byte)'b' }, "Invocation provides 2 argument(s) but target expects 1."), // argument count does not match binder argument count
+            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x91, 42 }, "Error binding arguments. Make sure that the types of the provided values match the types of the hub method being invoked."), // argument type mismatch
+        }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> ArgumentBindingErrorNames => ArgumentBindingErrors.Keys.Select(name => new object[] { name });
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(ArgumentBindingErrorNames))]
+        public void GettingArgumentsThrowsIfBindingFailed(string argumentBindingErrorName)
+        {
+            var testData = ArgumentBindingErrors[argumentBindingErrorName];
+
+            var buffer = Frame(testData.Encoded);
+            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(buffer);
+            HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out var message);
+            var bindingFailure = Assert.IsType<InvocationBindingFailureMessage>(message);
+            Assert.Equal(testData.ErrorMessage, bindingFailure.BindingFailure.SourceException.Message);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(new byte[] { 0x05, 0x01 })]
+        public void ParserDoesNotConsumePartialData(byte[] payload)
+        {
+            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(payload);
+            var result = HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out var message);
+            Assert.Null(message);
+        }
+
+        protected byte ArrayBytes(int size)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(size < 16, "Test code doesn't support array sizes greater than 15");
+
+            return (byte)(0x90 | size);
+        }
+
+        protected byte StringBytes(int size)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(size < 16, "Test code doesn't support string sizes greater than 15");
+
+            return (byte)(0xa0 | size);
+        }
+
+        protected static void AssertMessages(byte[] expectedOutput, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> bytes)
+        {
+            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
+            Assert.True(BinaryMessageParser.TryParseMessage(ref data, out var message));
+            Assert.Equal(expectedOutput, message.ToArray());
+        }
+
+        protected static byte[] Frame(byte[] input)
+        {
+            var stream = MemoryBufferWriter.Get();
+            try
+            {
+                BinaryMessageFormatter.WriteLengthPrefix(input.Length, stream);
+                stream.Write(input);
+                return stream.ToArray();
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                MemoryBufferWriter.Return(stream);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected byte[] Write(HubMessage message)
+        {
+            var writer = MemoryBufferWriter.Get();
+            try
+            {
+                HubProtocol.WriteMessage(message, writer);
+                return writer.ToArray();
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                MemoryBufferWriter.Return(writer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class InvalidMessageData
+        {
+            public string Name { get; private set; }
+            public byte[] Encoded { get; private set; }
+            public string ErrorMessage { get; private set; }
+
+            public InvalidMessageData(string name, byte[] encoded, string errorMessage)
+            {
+                Name = name;
+                Encoded = encoded;
+                ErrorMessage = errorMessage;
+            }
+
+            public override string ToString() => Name;
+        }
+
+        public class ProtocolTestData
+        {
+            public string Name { get; }
+            public string Binary { get; }
+            public HubMessage Message { get; }
+
+            public ProtocolTestData(string name, HubMessage message, string binary)
+            {
+                Name = name;
+                Message = message;
+                Binary = binary;
+            }
+
+            public override string ToString() => Name;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/SignalR/common/SignalR.Common/test/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocolTests.cs

@@ -8,311 +8,22 @@ using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Internal;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
 {
-    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Protocol;
     using static HubMessageHelpers;
 
-    public class MessagePackHubProtocolTests
+    public class MessagePackHubProtocolTests : MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase
     {
-        private static readonly IDictionary<string, string> TestHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>
+        protected override IHubProtocol HubProtocol => new MessagePackHubProtocol();
-        {
-            { "Foo", "Bar" },
-            { "KeyWith\nNew\r\nLines", "Still Works" },
-            { "ValueWithNewLines", "Also\nWorks\r\nFine" },
-        };
-
-        private static readonly MessagePackHubProtocol _hubProtocol
-            = new MessagePackHubProtocol();
-
-        public enum TestEnum
-        {
-            Zero = 0,
-            One
-        }
-
-        // Test Data for Parse/WriteMessages:
-        // * Name: A string name that is used when reporting the test (it's the ToString value for ProtocolTestData)
-        // * Message: The HubMessage that is either expected (in Parse) or used as input (in Write)
-        // * Binary: Base64-encoded binary "baseline" to sanity-check MessagePack-CSharp behavior
-        //
-        // When changing the tests/message pack parsing if you get test failures look at the base64 encoding and
-        // use a tool like https://sugendran.github.io/msgpack-visualizer/ to verify that the MsgPack is correct and then just replace the Base64 value.
-
-        public static IEnumerable<object[]> TestDataNames
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                foreach (var k in TestData.Keys)
-                {
-                    yield return new object[] { k };
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static IDictionary<string, ProtocolTestData> TestData => new[]
-        {
-            // Invocation messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersAndNoArgs",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>()),
-                binary: "lgGAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndNoArgs",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", Array.Empty<object>()),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndSingleNullArg",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { null }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SRwJA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndSingleIntArg",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42 }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SRKpA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdIntAndStringArgs",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, "string" }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SSKqZzdHJpbmeQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdIntAndEnumArgs",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, TestEnum.One }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SSKqNPbmWQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndCustomObjectArg",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, "string", new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2STKqZzdHJpbmeGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndArrayOfCustomObjectArgs",
-                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDkA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithHeadersNoIdAndArrayOfCustomObjectArgs",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
-                binary: "lgGDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmXApm1ldGhvZJKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithStreamArgument",
-                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSQkatfX3Rlc3RfaWRfXw=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithStreamAndNormalArgument",
-                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", new object[] { 42 }, new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSRKpGrX190ZXN0X2lkX18="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "InvocationWithMulitpleStreams",
-                message: new InvocationMessage(null, "Target", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__", "__test_id2__" }),
-                binary: "lgGAwKZUYXJnZXSQkqtfX3Rlc3RfaWRfX6xfX3Rlc3RfaWQyX18="),
-
-            // StreamItem Messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndNullItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: null),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5esA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndIntItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: 42),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5eio="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndFloatItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: 42.0f),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5espCKAAA"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndStringItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: "string"),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5eqZzdHJpbmc="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndBoolItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: true),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5esM="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndEnumItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: TestEnum.One),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5eqNPbmU="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new CustomObject()),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5eoaqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECAw=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayItem",
-                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lAKAo3h5epKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamItemWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayItem",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
-                binary: "lAKDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6koaqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECA4aqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECAw=="),
-
-            // Completion Messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndError",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithError("xyz", error: "Error not found!"),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egGwRXJyb3Igbm90IGZvdW5kIQ=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndError",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.WithError("xyz", error: "Error not found!")),
-                binary: "lQODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6AbBFcnJvciBub3QgZm91bmQh"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndNoResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.Empty("xyz"),
-                binary: "lAOAo3h5egI="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndNoResult",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.Empty("xyz")),
-                binary: "lAODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6Ag=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndNullResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: null),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPA"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndIntResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: 42),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egMq"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndEnumResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: TestEnum.One),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOjT25l"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndFloatResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: 42.0f),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPKQigAAA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndStringResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: "string"),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOmc3RyaW5n"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndBooleanResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: true),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPD"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new CustomObject()),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayResult",
-                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQID"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayResult",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
-                binary: "lQODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6A5KGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
-
-            // StreamInvocation Messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndNoArgs",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>()),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndNullArg",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { null }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRwJA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntArg",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42 }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRKpA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndEnumArg",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { TestEnum.One }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRo09uZZA="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithStreamArgument",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>(), new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SQkatfX3Rlc3RfaWRfXw=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithStreamAndNormalArgument",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42 }, new string[] { "__test_id__" }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRKpGrX190ZXN0X2lkX18="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntAndStringArgs",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42, "string" }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SSKqZzdHJpbmeQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntStringAndCustomObjectArgs",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42, "string", new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2STKqZzdHJpbmeGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayArg",
-                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
-                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDkA=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "StreamInvocationWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayArg",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
-                binary: "lgSDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6pm1ldGhvZJKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
-
-            // CancelInvocation Messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CancelInvocationWithNoHeaders",
-                message: new CancelInvocationMessage("xyz"),
-                binary: "kwWAo3h5eg=="),
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "CancelInvocationWithHeaders",
-                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new CancelInvocationMessage("xyz")),
-                binary: "kwWDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6"),
-
-            // Ping Messages
-            new ProtocolTestData(
-                name: "Ping",
-                message: PingMessage.Instance,
-                binary: "kQY="),
-        }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
-
-        [Theory]
-        [MemberData(nameof(TestDataNames))]
-        public void ParseMessages(string testDataName)
-        {
-            var testData = TestData[testDataName];
-
-            // Verify that the input binary string decodes to the expected MsgPack primitives
-            var bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(testData.Binary);
-
-            // Parse the input fully now.
-            bytes = Frame(bytes);
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
-            Assert.True(_hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, new TestBinder(testData.Message), out var message));
-
-            Assert.NotNull(message);
-            Assert.Equal(testData.Message, message, TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
-        }
 
         [Fact]
-        public void ParseMessageWithExtraData()
+        public void SerializerCanSerializeTypesWithNoDefaultCtor()
         {
-            var expectedMessage = new InvocationMessage("xyz", "method", Array.Empty<object>());
+            var result = Write(CompletionMessage.WithResult("0", new List<int> { 42 }.AsReadOnly()));
-
+            AssertMessages(new byte[] { ArrayBytes(5), 3, 0x80, StringBytes(1), (byte)'0', 0x03, ArrayBytes(1), 42 }, result);
-            // Verify that the input binary string decodes to the expected MsgPack primitives
-            var bytes = new byte[] { ArrayBytes(8),
-                1,
-                0x80,
-                StringBytes(3), (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z',
-                StringBytes(6), (byte)'m', (byte)'e', (byte)'t', (byte)'h', (byte)'o', (byte)'d',
-                ArrayBytes(0), // Arguments
-                ArrayBytes(0), // Streams
-                0xc3,
-                StringBytes(2), (byte)'e', (byte)'x' };
-
-            // Parse the input fully now.
-            bytes = Frame(bytes);
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
-            Assert.True(_hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, new TestBinder(expectedMessage), out var message));
-
-            Assert.NotNull(message);
-            Assert.Equal(expectedMessage, message, TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
-        }
-
-        [Theory]
-        [MemberData(nameof(TestDataNames))]
-        public void WriteMessages(string testDataName)
-        {
-            var testData = TestData[testDataName];
-
-            var bytes = Write(testData.Message);
-
-            // Unframe the message to check the binary encoding
-            var byteSpan = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
-            Assert.True(BinaryMessageParser.TryParseMessage(ref byteSpan, out var unframed));
-
-            // Check the baseline binary encoding, use Assert.True in order to configure the error message
-            var actual = Convert.ToBase64String(unframed.ToArray());
-            Assert.True(string.Equals(actual, testData.Binary, StringComparison.Ordinal), $"Binary encoding changed from{Environment.NewLine} [{testData.Binary}]{Environment.NewLine} to{Environment.NewLine} [{actual}]{Environment.NewLine}Please verify the MsgPack output and update the baseline");
         }
 
         [Fact]
@@ -323,9 +34,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
 
             try
             {
-                _hubProtocol.WriteMessage(CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", dateTime), writer);
+                HubProtocol.WriteMessage(CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", dateTime), writer);
                 var bytes = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(writer.ToArray());
-                _hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref bytes, new TestBinder(typeof(DateTime)), out var hubMessage);
+                HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref bytes, new TestBinder(typeof(DateTime)), out var hubMessage);
 
                 var completionMessage = Assert.IsType<CompletionMessage>(hubMessage);
 
@@ -349,9 +60,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
 
             try
             {
-                _hubProtocol.WriteMessage(CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", dateTimeOffset), writer);
+                HubProtocol.WriteMessage(CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", dateTimeOffset), writer);
                 var bytes = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(writer.ToArray());
-                _hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref bytes, new TestBinder(typeof(DateTimeOffset)), out var hubMessage);
+                HubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref bytes, new TestBinder(typeof(DateTimeOffset)), out var hubMessage);
 
                 var completionMessage = Assert.IsType<CompletionMessage>(hubMessage);
 
@@ -364,193 +75,125 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
             }
         }
 
-        public static IDictionary<string, InvalidMessageData> InvalidPayloads => new[]
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> TestDataNames
         {
-            // Message Type
+            get
-            new InvalidMessageData("MessageTypeString", new byte[] { 0x91, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'messageType' as Int32 failed."),
+            {
+                foreach (var k in TestData.Keys)
+                {
+                    yield return new object[] { k };
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
-            // Headers
+        // TestData that requires object serialization
-            new InvalidMessageData("HeadersNotAMap", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading map length for 'headers' failed."),
+        public static IDictionary<string, MessagePackHubProtocolTestBase.ProtocolTestData> TestData => new[]
-            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderKeyInt", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x82, 0x2a, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'headers[0].Key' as String failed."),
+        {
-            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderValueInt", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x82, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 42 }, "Reading 'headers[0].Value' as String failed."),
+            // Completion messages
-            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderKeyArray", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x84, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0x90, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o' }, "Reading 'headers[1].Key' as String failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("HeaderValueArray", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x84, 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0xa3, (byte)'f', (byte)'o', (byte)'o', 0x90 }, "Reading 'headers[1].Value' as String failed."),
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndNullResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: null),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egPA"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new CustomObject()),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQID"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayResult",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
+                binary: "lQODo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6A5KGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "CompletionWithNoHeadersAndEnumResult",
+                message: CompletionMessage.WithResult("xyz", payload: TestEnum.One),
+                binary: "lQOAo3h5egOjT25l"),
 
-            // InvocationMessage
+            // Invocation messages
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 1, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x91, 1, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndSingleNullArg",
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationTargetMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c' }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { null }),
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationTargetInt", new byte[] { 0x94, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 42 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SRwJA="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdIntAndEnumArgs",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, TestEnum.One }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SSKqNPbmWQ"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndCustomObjectArg",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { 42, "string", new CustomObject() }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2STKqZzdHJpbmeGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithNoHeadersNoIdAndArrayOfCustomObjectArgs",
+                message: new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
+                binary: "lgGAwKZtZXRob2SShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDkA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "InvocationWithHeadersNoIdAndArrayOfCustomObjectArgs",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new InvocationMessage("method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
+                binary: "lgGDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmXApm1ldGhvZJKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
 
-            // StreamInvocationMessage
+            // StreamItem Messages
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 4, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 4, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndNullItem",
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationTargetMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c' }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: null),
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationTargetInt", new byte[] { 0x94, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 42 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed."),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5esA="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndEnumItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: TestEnum.One),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5eqNPbmU="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new CustomObject()),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5eoaqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECAw=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayItem",
+                message: new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
+                binary: "lAKAo3h5epKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgM="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamItemWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayItem",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new StreamItemMessage("xyz", item: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
+                binary: "lAKDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6koaqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECA4aqU3RyaW5nUHJvcKhTaWduYWxSIapEb3VibGVQcm9wy0AZIftUQs8Sp0ludFByb3AqrERhdGVUaW1lUHJvcNb/WOwcgKhOdWxsUHJvcMCrQnl0ZUFyclByb3DEAwECAw=="),
 
-            // StreamItemMessage
+            // StreamInvocation Messages
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 2, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemInvocationIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 2, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndEnumArg",
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemMissing", new byte[] { 0x93, 2, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed."),
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { TestEnum.One }),
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamItemTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x94, 2, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed."),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRo09uZZA="),
-
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            // CompletionMessage
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndNullArg",
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionMissingId", new byte[] { 0x92, 3, 0x80 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { null }),
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionIdBoolean", new byte[] { 0x93, 3, 0x80, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed."),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SRwJA="),
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultKindString", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading 'resultKind' as Int32 failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultKindOutOfRange", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Invalid invocation result kind."),
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndIntStringAndCustomObjectArgs",
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionErrorMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x01 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed."),
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { 42, "string", new CustomObject() }),
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionErrorInt", new byte[] { 0x95, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x01, 42 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed."),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2STKqZzdHJpbmeGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x03 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed."),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
-            new InvalidMessageData("CompletionResultTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 3, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x03, 42 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed."),
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithNoHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayArg",
+                message: new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }),
+                binary: "lgSAo3h5eqZtZXRob2SShqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDhqpTdHJpbmdQcm9wqFNpZ25hbFIhqkRvdWJsZVByb3DLQBkh+1RCzxKnSW50UHJvcCqsRGF0ZVRpbWVQcm9w1v9Y7ByAqE51bGxQcm9wwKtCeXRlQXJyUHJvcMQDAQIDkA=="),
+            new ProtocolTestData(
+                name: "StreamInvocationWithHeadersAndCustomObjectArrayArg",
+                message: AddHeaders(TestHeaders, new StreamInvocationMessage("xyz", "method", new object[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })),
+                binary: "lgSDo0Zvb6NCYXKyS2V5V2l0aApOZXcNCkxpbmVzq1N0aWxsIFdvcmtzsVZhbHVlV2l0aE5ld0xpbmVzsEFsc28KV29ya3MNCkZpbmWjeHl6pm1ldGhvZJKGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOGqlN0cmluZ1Byb3CoU2lnbmFsUiGqRG91YmxlUHJvcMtAGSH7VELPEqdJbnRQcm9wKqxEYXRlVGltZVByb3DW/1jsHICoTnVsbFByb3DAq0J5dGVBcnJQcm9wxAMBAgOQ"),
         }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
 
-        public static IEnumerable<object[]> InvalidPayloadNames => InvalidPayloads.Keys.Select(name => new object[] { name });
-
         [Theory]
-        [MemberData(nameof(InvalidPayloadNames))]
+        [MemberData(nameof(TestDataNames))]
-        public void ParserThrowsForInvalidMessages(string invalidPayloadName)
+        public void ParseMessages(string testDataName)
         {
-            var testData = InvalidPayloads[invalidPayloadName];
+            var testData = TestData[testDataName];
 
-            var buffer = Frame(testData.Encoded);
+            TestParseMessages(testData);
-            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(buffer);
-            var exception = Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => _hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out _));
-
-            Assert.Equal(testData.ErrorMessage, exception.Message);
-        }
-
-        public static IDictionary<string, InvalidMessageData> ArgumentBindingErrors => new[]
-        {
-            // InvocationMessage
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArrayMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."),
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArrayNotAnArray", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."),
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchEmpty", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x90 }, "Invocation provides 0 argument(s) but target expects 1."),
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchTooLarge", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x92, 0xa1, (byte)'a', 0xa1, (byte)'b' }, "Invocation provides 2 argument(s) but target expects 1."),
-            new InvalidMessageData("InvocationArgumentTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 1, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x91, 42 }, "Error binding arguments. Make sure that the types of the provided values match the types of the hub method being invoked."),
-
-            // StreamInvocationMessage
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArrayMissing", new byte[] { 0x94, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."), // array is missing
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArrayNotAnArray", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 42 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed."), // arguments isn't an array
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchEmpty", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x90 }, "Invocation provides 0 argument(s) but target expects 1."), // array is missing elements
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentArraySizeMismatchTooLarge", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x92, 0xa1, (byte)'a', 0xa1, (byte)'b' }, "Invocation provides 2 argument(s) but target expects 1."), // argument count does not match binder argument count
-            new InvalidMessageData("StreamInvocationArgumentTypeMismatch", new byte[] { 0x95, 4, 0x80, 0xa3, (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', 0xa3, (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', 0x91, 42 }, "Error binding arguments. Make sure that the types of the provided values match the types of the hub method being invoked."), // argument type mismatch
-        }.ToDictionary(t => t.Name);
-
-        public static IEnumerable<object[]> ArgumentBindingErrorNames => ArgumentBindingErrors.Keys.Select(name => new object[] { name });
-
-        [Theory]
-        [MemberData(nameof(ArgumentBindingErrorNames))]
-        public void GettingArgumentsThrowsIfBindingFailed(string argumentBindingErrorName)
-        {
-            var testData = ArgumentBindingErrors[argumentBindingErrorName];
-
-            var buffer = Frame(testData.Encoded);
-            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(buffer);
-            _hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out var message);
-            var bindingFailure = Assert.IsType<InvocationBindingFailureMessage>(message);
-            Assert.Equal(testData.ErrorMessage, bindingFailure.BindingFailure.SourceException.Message);
         }
 
         [Theory]
-        [InlineData(new byte[] { 0x05, 0x01 })]
+        [MemberData(nameof(TestDataNames))]
-        public void ParserDoesNotConsumePartialData(byte[] payload)
+        public void WriteMessages(string testDataName)
         {
-            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
+            var testData = TestData[testDataName];
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(payload);
-            var result = _hubProtocol.TryParseMessage(ref data, binder, out var message);
-            Assert.Null(message);
-        }
 
-        [Fact]
+            TestWriteMessages(testData);
-        public void SerializerCanSerializeTypesWithNoDefaultCtor()
-        {
-            var result = Write(CompletionMessage.WithResult("0", new List<int> { 42 }.AsReadOnly()));
-            AssertMessages(new byte[] { ArrayBytes(5), 3, 0x80, StringBytes(1), (byte)'0', 0x03, ArrayBytes(1), 42 }, result);
-        }
-
-        private byte ArrayBytes(int size)
-        {
-            Debug.Assert(size < 16, "Test code doesn't support array sizes greater than 15");
-
-            return (byte)(0x90 | size);
-        }
-
-        private byte StringBytes(int size)
-        {
-            Debug.Assert(size < 16, "Test code doesn't support string sizes greater than 15");
-
-            return (byte)(0xa0 | size);
-        }
-
-        private static void AssertMessages(byte[] expectedOutput, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> bytes)
-        {
-            var data = new ReadOnlySequence<byte>(bytes);
-            Assert.True(BinaryMessageParser.TryParseMessage(ref data, out var message));
-            Assert.Equal(expectedOutput, message.ToArray());
-        }
-
-        private static byte[] Frame(byte[] input)
-        {
-            var stream = MemoryBufferWriter.Get();
-            try
-            {
-                BinaryMessageFormatter.WriteLengthPrefix(input.Length, stream);
-                stream.Write(input);
-                return stream.ToArray();
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                MemoryBufferWriter.Return(stream);
-            }
-        }
-
-        private static byte[] Write(HubMessage message)
-        {
-            var writer = MemoryBufferWriter.Get();
-            try
-            {
-                _hubProtocol.WriteMessage(message, writer);
-                return writer.ToArray();
-            }
-            finally
-            {
-                MemoryBufferWriter.Return(writer);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public class InvalidMessageData
-        {
-            public string Name { get; private set; }
-            public byte[] Encoded { get; private set; }
-            public string ErrorMessage { get; private set; }
-
-            public InvalidMessageData(string name, byte[] encoded, string errorMessage)
-            {
-                Name = name;
-                Encoded = encoded;
-                ErrorMessage = errorMessage;
-            }
-
-            public override string ToString() => Name;
-        }
-
-        public class ProtocolTestData
-        {
-            public string Name { get; }
-            public string Binary { get; }
-            public HubMessage Message { get; }
-
-            public ProtocolTestData(string name, HubMessage message, string binary)
-            {
-                Name = name;
-                Message = message;
-                Binary = binary;
-            }
-
-            public override string ToString() => Name;
         }
     }
 }

src/submodules/MessagePack-CSharp

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit f2dc12bf749e6f708563ac5175c772c025344ebc