diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinder.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinder.cs
index 2d68d0e5a2..f7df7ae430 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinder.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinder.cs
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
             return base.BindModelAsync(bindingContext);
         }
 
+        protected override object CreateEmptyCollection()
+        {
+            return new TElement[0];
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc />
         protected override object GetModel(IEnumerable<TElement> newCollection)
         {
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinder.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinder.cs
index 040f389dd4..fe4ffca3ac 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinder.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinder.cs
@@ -23,8 +23,31 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
         {
             ModelBindingHelper.ValidateBindingContext(bindingContext);
 
+            object model;
+
             if (!await bindingContext.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefixAsync(bindingContext.ModelName))
             {
+                // If this is the fallback case, and we failed to find data as a top-level model, then generate a
+                // default 'empty' model and return it.
+                var isTopLevelObject = bindingContext.ModelMetadata.ContainerType == null;
+                var hasExplicitAlias = bindingContext.BinderModelName != null;
+
+                if (isTopLevelObject && (hasExplicitAlias || bindingContext.ModelName == string.Empty))
+                {
+                    model = CreateEmptyCollection();
+
+                    var validationNode = new ModelValidationNode(
+                        bindingContext.ModelName,
+                        bindingContext.ModelMetadata,
+                        model);
+
+                    return new ModelBindingResult(
+                        model,
+                        bindingContext.ModelName,
+                        isModelSet: true,
+                        validationNode: validationNode);
+                }
+
                 return null;
             }
 
@@ -46,7 +69,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
                 boundCollection = result.Model;
             }
 
-            var model = bindingContext.Model;
+            model = bindingContext.Model;
             if (model == null)
             {
                 model = GetModel(boundCollection);
@@ -64,6 +87,12 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
                 validationNode: result?.ValidationNode);
         }
 
+        // Called when we're creating a default 'empty' model for a top level bind.
+        protected virtual object CreateEmptyCollection()
+        {
+            return new List<TElement>();
+        }
+
         // Used when the ValueProvider contains the collection to be bound as a single element, e.g. the raw value
         // is [ "1", "2" ] and needs to be converted to an int[].
         internal async Task<CollectionResult> BindSimpleCollection(
@@ -165,8 +194,6 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
                 var didBind = false;
                 object boundValue = null;
 
-                var modelType = bindingContext.ModelType;
-
                 var result =
                     await bindingContext.OperationBindingContext.ModelBinder.BindModelAsync(childBindingContext);
                 if (result != null && result.IsModelSet)
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinder.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinder.cs
index f8bafd1532..24384b1ec2 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinder.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinder.cs
@@ -18,5 +18,10 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
         {
             return newCollection?.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value);
         }
+
+        protected override object CreateEmptyCollection()
+        {
+            return new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>();
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinder.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinder.cs
index 12e285e6b4..62ebdf047f 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinder.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinder.cs
@@ -62,8 +62,27 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
             }
             else
             {
-                // Caller (GenericModelBinder) was able to resolve a binder type and will create a ModelBindingResult
-                // that exits current ModelBinding loop.
+                // If this is the fallback case, and we failed to find data as a top-level model, then generate a
+                // default 'empty' model and return it.
+                var isTopLevelObject = bindingContext.ModelMetadata.ContainerType == null;
+                var hasExplicitAlias = bindingContext.BinderModelName != null;
+
+                if (isTopLevelObject && (hasExplicitAlias || bindingContext.ModelName == string.Empty))
+                {
+                    var model = new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>();
+
+                    var validationNode = new ModelValidationNode(
+                        bindingContext.ModelName,
+                        bindingContext.ModelMetadata,
+                        model);
+
+                    return new ModelBindingResult(
+                        model,
+                        bindingContext.ModelName,
+                        isModelSet: true,
+                        validationNode: validationNode);
+                }
+
                 return null;
             }
         }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinderTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinderTest.cs
index 5161ec3893..86c7752e51 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinderTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/ArrayModelBinderTest.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
 
 #if DNX451
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Internal;
 using Moq;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -35,14 +37,105 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
         }
 
         [Fact]
-        public async Task BindModelAsync_ValueProviderDoesNotContainPrefix_ReturnsNull()
+        public async Task ArrayModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFirstPass()
         {
             // Arrange
-            var bindingContext = GetBindingContext(new SimpleHttpValueProvider());
-            var binder = new ArrayModelBinder<int>();
+            var binder = new ArrayModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "param";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(string[]));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
 
             // Act
-            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(bindingContext);
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task ArrayModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFallback()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new ArrayModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = string.Empty;
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(string[]));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<string[]>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task ArrayModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_WithExplicitPrefix()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new ArrayModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "prefix";
+            context.BinderModelName = "prefix";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(string[]));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<string[]>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal("prefix", result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("")]
+        [InlineData("param")]
+        public async Task ArrayModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForNonTopLevelModel(string prefix)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new ArrayModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = ModelNames.CreatePropertyModelName(prefix, "ArrayProperty");
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForProperty(
+                typeof(ModelWithArrayProperty),
+                nameof(ModelWithArrayProperty.ArrayProperty));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
 
             // Assert
             Assert.Null(result);
@@ -155,6 +248,25 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
             };
             return bindingContext;
         }
+
+        private static ModelBindingContext CreateContext()
+        {
+            var modelBindingContext = new ModelBindingContext()
+            {
+                OperationBindingContext = new OperationBindingContext()
+                {
+                    HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(),
+                    MetadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider(),
+                }
+            };
+
+            return modelBindingContext;
+        }
+
+        private class ModelWithArrayProperty
+        {
+            public string[] ArrayProperty { get; set; }
+        }
     }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinderTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinderTest.cs
index c0f4af2331..dbde65ee76 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinderTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/CollectionModelBinderTest.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 #endif
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Internal;
 #if DNX451
 using Moq;
 #endif
@@ -216,6 +217,111 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
             Assert.Null(boundCollection);
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task CollectionModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFirstPass()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new CollectionModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "param";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(List<string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task CollectionModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFallback()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new CollectionModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = string.Empty;
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(List<string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<List<string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task CollectionModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_WithExplicitPrefix()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new CollectionModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "prefix";
+            context.BinderModelName = "prefix";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(List<string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<List<string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal("prefix", result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("")]
+        [InlineData("param")]
+        public async Task CollectionModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForNonTopLevelModel(string prefix)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new CollectionModelBinder<string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = ModelNames.CreatePropertyModelName(prefix, "ListProperty");
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForProperty(
+                typeof(ModelWithListProperty),
+                nameof(ModelWithListProperty.ListProperty));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
 #if DNX451
         [Fact]
         public async Task BindSimpleCollection_SubBindingSucceeds()
@@ -284,5 +390,24 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
             return mockIntBinder.Object;
         }
 #endif
+
+        private static ModelBindingContext CreateContext()
+        {
+            var modelBindingContext = new ModelBindingContext()
+            {
+                OperationBindingContext = new OperationBindingContext()
+                {
+                    HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(),
+                    MetadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider(),
+                }
+            };
+
+            return modelBindingContext;
+        }
+
+        private class ModelWithListProperty
+        {
+            public List<string> ListProperty { get; set; }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinderTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinderTest.cs
index 34b0318aea..4ad8d02f32 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinderTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/DictionaryModelBinderTest.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #if DNX451
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Internal;
 using Moq;
 using Xunit;
 
@@ -63,6 +64,125 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
             Assert.Equal("eighty-four", dictionary[84]);
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFirstPass()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new DictionaryModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "param";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFallback()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new DictionaryModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = string.Empty;
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_WithExplicitPrefix()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new DictionaryModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "prefix";
+            context.BinderModelName = "prefix";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(Dictionary<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal("prefix", result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("")]
+        [InlineData("param")]
+        public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForNonTopLevelModel(string prefix)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new DictionaryModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = ModelNames.CreatePropertyModelName(prefix, "ListProperty");
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForProperty(
+                typeof(ModelWithDictionaryProperty),
+                nameof(ModelWithDictionaryProperty.DictionaryProperty));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        private static ModelBindingContext CreateContext()
+        {
+            var modelBindingContext = new ModelBindingContext()
+            {
+                OperationBindingContext = new OperationBindingContext()
+                {
+                    HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(),
+                    MetadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider(),
+                }
+            };
+
+            return modelBindingContext;
+        }
+
         private static ModelBindingContext GetModelBindingContext(bool isReadOnly)
         {
             var metadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider();
@@ -105,6 +225,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
                 });
             return mockKvpBinder.Object;
         }
+
+        private class ModelWithDictionaryProperty
+        {
+            public Dictionary<string, string> DictionaryProperty { get; set; }
+        }
     }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinderTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinderTest.cs
index 1b9b463e3e..257eda9b21 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinderTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Core.Test/ModelBinding/KeyValuePairModelBinderTest.cs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Internal;
 using Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Validation;
 using Moq;
 using Xunit;
@@ -158,6 +159,126 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
             Assert.Empty(bindingContext.ModelState);
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFirstPass()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new KeyValuePairModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "param";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(KeyValuePair<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_OnFallback()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new KeyValuePairModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = string.Empty;
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(KeyValuePair<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Equal(default(KeyValuePair<string, string>), Assert.IsType<KeyValuePair<string, string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal(string.Empty, result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Equal(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_CreatesEmptyCollection_ForTopLevelModel_WithExplicitPrefix()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new KeyValuePairModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = "prefix";
+            context.BinderModelName = "prefix";
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForType(typeof(KeyValuePair<string, string>));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+
+            Assert.Equal(default(KeyValuePair<string, string>), Assert.IsType<KeyValuePair<string, string>>(result.Model));
+            Assert.Equal("prefix", result.Key);
+            Assert.True(result.IsModelSet);
+
+            Assert.Equal(result.ValidationNode.Model, result.Model);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.Key, result.Key);
+            Assert.Same(result.ValidationNode.ModelMetadata, context.ModelMetadata);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("")]
+        [InlineData("param")]
+        public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_DoesNotCreateCollection_ForNonTopLevelModel(string prefix)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var binder = new KeyValuePairModelBinder<string, string>();
+
+            var context = CreateContext();
+            context.ModelName = ModelNames.CreatePropertyModelName(prefix, "KeyValuePairProperty");
+
+            var metadataProvider = context.OperationBindingContext.MetadataProvider;
+            context.ModelMetadata = metadataProvider.GetMetadataForProperty(
+                typeof(ModelWithKeyValuePairProperty),
+                nameof(ModelWithKeyValuePairProperty.KeyValuePairProperty));
+
+            context.ValueProvider = new TestValueProvider(new Dictionary<string, object>());
+
+            // Act
+            var result = await binder.BindModelAsync(context);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        private static ModelBindingContext CreateContext()
+        {
+            var modelBindingContext = new ModelBindingContext()
+            {
+                OperationBindingContext = new OperationBindingContext()
+                {
+                    HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext(),
+                    MetadataProvider = new TestModelMetadataProvider(),
+                    ModelBinder = new TypeMatchModelBinder(),
+                }
+            };
+
+            return modelBindingContext;
+        }
+
         private static ModelBindingContext GetBindingContext(
             IValueProvider valueProvider,
             IModelBinder innerBinder = null,
@@ -210,6 +331,11 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding.Test
                 });
             return mockStringBinder.Object;
         }
+
+        private class ModelWithKeyValuePairProperty
+        {
+            public KeyValuePair<string, string> KeyValuePairProperty { get; set; }
+        }
     }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 94e59a69ff..0f810fffe0 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("11", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task ArrayModelBinder_BindsArrayOfSimpleType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<int[]>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("lang", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task ArrayModelBinder_BindsArrayOfComplexType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<Person[]>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ByteArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ByteArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 4203930dea..0087f5dbc4 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ByteArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ByteArrayModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Valid, modelState[key].ValidationState); // Should be skipped. bug#2447
         }
 
-        [Fact]
+        [Fact(Skip = "ByteArrayModelBinder should return a non-null result #2456")]
         public async Task BindParameter_NoData_DoesNotGetBound()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -102,11 +102,15 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             // Assert
 
             // ModelBindingResult
-            Assert.Null(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
 
             // ModelState
             Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
             Assert.Empty(modelState.Keys);
+
+            Assert.Equal("CustomParameter", modelBindingResult.Key);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.Equal(new byte[0], modelBindingResult.Model);
         }
 
         [Fact(Skip = "ModelState.Value not set due to #2445")]
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/CollectionModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/CollectionModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 30a25e1dd0..5eca2f79f7 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/CollectionModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/CollectionModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("11", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task CollectionModelBinder_BindsListOfSimpleType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<List<int>>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("11", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task CollectionModelBinder_BindsListOfComplexType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<List<Person>>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal(ModelValidationState.Invalid, entry.ValidationState);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task CollectionModelBinder_BindsListOfComplexType_WithRequiredProperty_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -532,8 +532,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<List<Person2>>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/DictionaryModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/DictionaryModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 792e0b7157..7b72180e14 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/DictionaryModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/DictionaryModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("10", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_BindsDictionaryOfSimpleType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -162,8 +162,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, int>>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("10", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task DictionaryModelBinder_BindsDictionaryOfComplexType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);  // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
             Assert.Empty(Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, Person>>(modelBindingResult.Model));
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/GenericModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/GenericModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 4a32af6ddc..b1a026d06e 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/GenericModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/GenericModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
         //
         // In this example we choose IFormCollection - because IFormCollection has a dedicated
         // model  binder.
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task GenericModelBinder_BindsCollection_ElementTypeFromGreedyModelBinder_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             var model = Assert.IsType<List<IFormCollection>>(modelBindingResult.Model);
             Assert.Empty(model);
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
 
         // This is part of a random sampling of scenarios where a GenericModelBinder is used
         // recursively.
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task GenericModelBinder_BindsArrayOfDictionary_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             var model = Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, int>[]>(modelBindingResult.Model);
             Assert.NotNull(model);
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
 
         // This is part of a random sampling of scenarios where a GenericModelBinder is used
         // recursively.
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task GenericModelBinder_BindsCollectionOfKeyValuePair_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -446,8 +446,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // Fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             var model = Assert.IsType<Collection<KeyValuePair<string, int>>>(modelBindingResult.Model);
             Assert.NotNull(model);
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
 
         // This is part of a random sampling of scenarios where a GenericModelBinder is used
         // recursively.
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task GenericModelBinder_BindsDictionaryOfList_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // Fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             var model = Assert.IsType<Dictionary<string, List<int>>>(modelBindingResult.Model);
             Assert.NotNull(model);
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/KeyValuePairModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/KeyValuePairModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
index 230a1b34c8..58071797f7 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/KeyValuePairModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/KeyValuePairModelBinderIntegrationTest.cs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("10", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_BindsKeyValuePairOfSimpleType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
-            Assert.Equal(new int[0], modelBindingResult.Model);
+            Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, int>(), modelBindingResult.Model);
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.ErrorCount);
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Equal("10", entry.Value.RawValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task KeyValuePairModelBinder_BindsKeyValuePairOfComplexType_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -328,8 +328,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             var modelBindingResult = await argumentBinder.BindModelAsync(parameter, modelState, operationContext);
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult); // This fails due to #1579
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, Person>(), modelBindingResult.Model);
 
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ValidationIntegrationTests.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ValidationIntegrationTests.cs
index 6b832ca281..dfccd8d93b 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ValidationIntegrationTests.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests/ValidationIntegrationTests.cs
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
             Assert.Null(error.Exception);
         }
 
-        [Fact(Skip = "Empty collection should be created by the collection model binder #1579")]
+        [Fact]
         public async Task Validation_StringLengthAttribute_OnProperyOfCollectionElement_NoData()
         {
             // Arrange
@@ -997,14 +997,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.IntegrationTests
 
             // Assert
             Assert.NotNull(modelBindingResult);
-            Assert.False(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
+            Assert.True(modelBindingResult.IsModelSet);
 
             var model = Assert.IsType<List<Order10>>(modelBindingResult.Model);
             Assert.Empty(model);
 
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.Count);
             Assert.Equal(0, modelState.ErrorCount);
-            Assert.False(modelState.IsValid);
+            Assert.True(modelState.IsValid);
         }
 
         private class Order11