Add infrastructure for templated display helpers.

I changed code paths for how we render templates from the old world to better separate code.

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding/Metadata/ModelMetadata.cs

@@ -46,8 +46,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
             set { _convertEmptyStringToNull = value; }
         }
 
+        public virtual string DataTypeName { get; set; }
+
         public virtual string Description { get; set; }
 
+        public virtual string DisplayFormatString { get; set; }
+
+        public virtual string EditFormatString { get; set; }
+
         public virtual bool IsComplexType
         {
             get { return !ModelType.HasStringConverter(); }
@@ -91,6 +97,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
             get { return _modelType; }
         }
 
+        public virtual string NullDisplayText { get; set; }
+
         public virtual IEnumerable<ModelMetadata> Properties
         {
             get
@@ -111,9 +119,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
         protected IModelMetadataProvider Provider { get; set; }
 
         /// <returns>
-        /// Gets TModel if ModelType is Nullable(TModel), ModelType otherwise.
+        /// Gets TModel if ModelType is Nullable{TModel}, ModelType otherwise.
         /// </returns>
-        internal Type RealModelType
+        public Type RealModelType
         {
             get
             {
@@ -133,6 +141,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding
             }
         }
 
+        public virtual string TemplateHint { get; set; }
+
         internal EfficientTypePropertyKey<Type, string> CacheKey
         {
             get

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Html/HtmlHelper.cs

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
             IdAttributeDotReplacement = "_";
         }
 
+        public IModelMetadataProvider MetadataProvider { get; private set; }
+
         public string IdAttributeDotReplacement { get; set; }
 
         public HttpContext HttpContext { get; private set; }
@@ -81,7 +83,43 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
         protected IModelMetadataProvider MetadataProvider { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Creates a dictionary of HTML attributes from the input object,
+        /// Creates a dictionary from an object, by adding each public instance property as a key with its associated 
+        /// value to the dictionary. It will expose public properties from derived types as well. This is typically used
+        /// with objects of an anonymous type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <example>
+        /// <c>new { property_name = "value" }</c> will translate to the entry <c>{ "property_name" , "value" }</c>
+        /// in the resulting dictionary.
+        /// </example>
+        /// <param name="obj">The object to be converted.</param>
+        /// <returns>The created dictionary of property names and property values.</returns>
+        public static IDictionary<string, object> ObjectToDictionary(object obj)
+        {
+            IDictionary<string, object> result;
+            var valuesAsDictionary = obj as IDictionary<string, object>;
+            if (valuesAsDictionary != null)
+            {
+                result = new Dictionary<string, object>(valuesAsDictionary, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+                if (obj != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (var prop in obj.GetType().GetRuntimeProperties())
+                    {
+                        var value = prop.GetValue(obj);
+                        result.Add(prop.Name, value);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a dictionary of HTML attributes from the input object, 
         /// translating underscores to dashes.
         /// <example>
         /// new { data_name="value" } will translate to the entry { "data-name" , "value" }
@@ -92,27 +130,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
         /// <returns>A dictionary that represents HTML attributes.</returns>
         public static IDictionary<string, object> AnonymousObjectToHtmlAttributes(object htmlAttributes)
         {
-            Dictionary<string, object> result;
-            var valuesAsDictionary = htmlAttributes as IDictionary<string, object>;
-            if (valuesAsDictionary != null)
-            {
-                result = new Dictionary<string, object>(valuesAsDictionary, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                result = new Dictionary<string, object>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-
-                if (htmlAttributes != null)
-                {
-                    foreach (var prop in htmlAttributes.GetType().GetRuntimeProperties())
-                    {
-                        var value = prop.GetValue(htmlAttributes);
-                        result.Add(prop.Name, value);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            return result;
+            // NOTE: This should be doing more than just returning a generic conversion from obj -> dict
+            // Once GitHub #80 has been completed this will do more than be a call through.
+            return ObjectToDictionary(htmlAttributes);
         }
 
         public virtual void Contextualize([NotNull] ViewContext viewContext)

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Html/HtmlHelperOfT.cs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="HtmlHelper{TModel}"/> class.
         /// </summary>
         public HtmlHelper([NotNull] IViewEngine viewEngine, [NotNull] IModelMetadataProvider metadataProvider)
-            : base(viewEngine, metadataProvider)
+             : base(viewEngine, metadataProvider)
         {
         }
 

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Html/TemplatedHelpers/TemplateBuilder.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.ModelBinding;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
+{
+    internal class TemplateBuilder
+    {
+        private IViewEngine _viewEngine;
+        private ViewContext _viewContext;
+        private ViewDataDictionary _viewData;
+        private ModelMetadata _metadata;
+        private string _htmlFieldName;
+        private string _templateName;
+        private bool _readOnly;
+        private object _additionalViewData;
+
+        public TemplateBuilder([NotNull] IViewEngine viewEngine, 
+                               [NotNull] ViewContext viewContext, 
+                               [NotNull] ViewDataDictionary viewData, 
+                               [NotNull] ModelMetadata metadata, 
+                               string htmlFieldName, 
+                               string templateName, 
+                               bool readOnly, 
+                               object additionalViewData)
+        {
+            _viewEngine = viewEngine;
+            _viewContext = viewContext;
+            _viewData = viewData;
+            _metadata = metadata;
+            _htmlFieldName = htmlFieldName;
+            _templateName = templateName;
+            _readOnly = readOnly;
+            _additionalViewData = additionalViewData;
+        }
+
+        public string Build()
+        {
+            if (_metadata.ConvertEmptyStringToNull && string.Empty.Equals(_metadata.Model))
+            {
+                _metadata.Model = null;
+            }
+
+            var formattedModelValue = _metadata.Model;
+            if (_metadata.Model == null && _readOnly)
+            {
+                formattedModelValue = _metadata.NullDisplayText;
+            }
+
+            var formatString = _readOnly ? _metadata.DisplayFormatString : _metadata.EditFormatString;
+
+            if (_metadata.Model != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(formatString))
+            {
+                formattedModelValue = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, formatString, _metadata.Model);
+            }
+
+            // Normally this shouldn't happen, unless someone writes their own custom Object templates which
+            // don't check to make sure that the object hasn't already been displayed
+            if (_viewData.TemplateInfo.Visited(_metadata))
+            {
+                return string.Empty;
+            }
+
+            var viewData = new ViewDataDictionary(_viewData)
+            {
+                Model = _metadata.Model,
+                ModelMetadata = _metadata
+            };
+
+            viewData.TemplateInfo.FormattedModelValue = formattedModelValue;
+            viewData.TemplateInfo.HtmlFieldPrefix = _viewData.TemplateInfo.GetFullHtmlFieldName(_htmlFieldName);
+
+            if (_additionalViewData != null)
+            {
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> kvp in HtmlHelper.ObjectToDictionary(_additionalViewData))
+                {
+                    viewData[kvp.Key] = kvp.Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            object visitedObjectsKey = _metadata.Model ?? _metadata.RealModelType;
+            viewData.TemplateInfo.AddVisited(visitedObjectsKey);
+
+            var templateRenderer = new TemplateRenderer(_viewEngine, _viewContext, viewData, _templateName, _readOnly);
+
+            return templateRenderer.Render();
+        }
+
+
+    }
+}

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Html/TemplatedHelpers/TemplateRenderer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNet.DependencyInjection;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
+{
+    internal class TemplateRenderer
+    {
+        private static readonly string DisplayTemplateViewPath = "DisplayTemplates";
+        private static readonly string EditorTemplateViewPath = "EditorTemplates";
+
+        private ViewContext _viewContext;
+        private ViewDataDictionary _viewData;
+        private IViewEngine _viewEngine;
+        private string _templateName;
+        private bool _readOnly;
+
+        public TemplateRenderer([NotNull] IViewEngine viewEngine, 
+                                [NotNull] ViewContext viewContext,
+                                [NotNull] ViewDataDictionary viewData,
+                                string templateName, 
+                                bool readOnly)
+        {
+            _viewEngine = viewEngine;
+            _viewContext = viewContext;
+            _viewData = viewData;
+            _templateName = templateName;
+            _readOnly = readOnly;
+        }
+
+        public string Render()
+        {
+            var defaultActions = GetDefaultActions();
+            var modeViewPath = _readOnly ? DisplayTemplateViewPath : EditorTemplateViewPath;
+
+            foreach (string viewName in GetViewNames())
+            {
+                var fullViewName = modeViewPath + "/" + viewName;
+
+                // Forcing synchronous behavior so users don't have to await templates.
+                var viewEngineResult = _viewEngine.FindPartialView(_viewContext.ViewEngineContext, fullViewName).Result;
+                if (viewEngineResult.Success)
+                {
+                    using (var writer = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
+                    {
+                        // Forcing synchronous behavior so users don't have to await templates.
+                        // TODO: Pass through TempData once implemented.
+                        viewEngineResult.View.RenderAsync(new ViewContext(_viewContext)
+                        {
+                            ViewData = _viewData,
+                            Writer = writer,
+                        }).Wait();
+
+                        return writer.ToString();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Func<IHtmlHelper<object>, Task<string>> defaultAction;
+                if (defaultActions.TryGetValue(viewName, out defaultAction))
+                {
+                    // Right now there's no IhtmlHelper<object> pass in or default templates so this will be
+                    // changed once a decision has been reached.
+                    return defaultAction(null).Result;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.FormatTemplateHelpers_NoTemplate(_viewData.ModelMetadata.RealModelType.FullName));
+        }
+
+        private Dictionary<string, Func<IHtmlHelper<object>, Task<string>>> GetDefaultActions()
+        {
+            // TODO: Implement default templates
+            return new Dictionary<string, Func<IHtmlHelper<object>, Task<string>>>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        }
+
+        private IEnumerable<string> GetViewNames()
+        {
+            var metadata = _viewData.ModelMetadata;
+            var templateHints = new string[] {
+                _templateName, 
+                metadata.TemplateHint, 
+                metadata.DataTypeName
+            };
+
+            foreach (string templateHint in templateHints.Where(s => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(s)))
+            {
+                yield return templateHint;
+            }
+
+            // We don't want to search for Nullable<T>, we want to search for T (which should handle both T and Nullable<T>)
+            var fieldType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(metadata.RealModelType) ?? metadata.RealModelType;
+
+            yield return fieldType.Name;
+
+            if (fieldType == typeof(string))
+            {
+                // Nothing more to provide
+                yield break;
+            }
+            else if (!metadata.IsComplexType)
+            {
+                // IsEnum is false for the Enum class itself
+                if (fieldType.IsEnum)
+                {
+                    // Same as fieldType.BaseType.Name in this case
+                    yield return "Enum";
+                }
+                else if (fieldType == typeof(DateTimeOffset))
+                {
+                    yield return "DateTime";
+                }
+
+                yield return "String";
+            }
+            else if (fieldType.IsInterface)
+            {
+                if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(fieldType))
+                {
+                    yield return "Collection";
+                }
+
+                yield return "Object";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bool isEnumerable = typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(fieldType);
+
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    fieldType = fieldType.BaseType;
+                    if (fieldType == null)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (isEnumerable && fieldType == typeof(Object))
+                    {
+                        yield return "Collection";
+                    }
+
+                    yield return fieldType.Name;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Properties/Resources.Designer.cs

@@ -187,6 +187,22 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering
             return GetString("TemplateHelpers_TemplateLimitations");
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unable to locate an appropriate template for type {0}.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string TemplateHelpers_NoTemplate
+        {
+            get { return GetString("TemplateHelpers_NoTemplate"); }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unable to locate an appropriate template for type {0}.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static string FormatTemplateHelpers_NoTemplate(object p0)
+        {
+            return string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, GetString("TemplateHelpers_NoTemplate"), p0);
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// The model item passed is null, but this ViewDataDictionary instance requires a non-null model item of type '{0}'.
         /// </summary>

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.Rendering/Properties/Resources.resx

@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@
   <data name="TemplateHelpers_TemplateLimitations" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Templates can be used only with field access, property access, single-dimension array index, or single-parameter custom indexer expressions.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="TemplateHelpers_NoTemplate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Unable to locate an appropriate template for type {0}.</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="ViewData_ModelCannotBeNull" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>The model item passed is null, but this ViewDataDictionary instance requires a non-null model item of type '{0}'.</value>
   </data>