diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Rendering/BrowserRenderer.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Rendering/BrowserRenderer.cs
index a0b04e96a5..333397f940 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Rendering/BrowserRenderer.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor.Browser/Rendering/BrowserRenderer.cs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.Rendering
         /// <inheritdoc />
         protected override void UpdateDisplay(
             int componentId,
-            ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
         {
             RegisteredFunction.InvokeUnmarshalled<RenderComponentArgs, object>(
                 "renderRenderTree",
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Browser.Rendering
                 {
                     BrowserRendererId = _browserRendererId,
                     ComponentId = componentId,
-                    RenderTree = renderTree.Array,
-                    RenderTreeLength = renderTree.Count
+                    RenderTree = renderTreeDiff.CurrentState.Array,
+                    RenderTreeLength = renderTreeDiff.CurrentState.Count
                 });
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiff.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiff.cs
index 5b27cab8f7..497ddc1231 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiff.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiff.cs
@@ -6,19 +6,28 @@ using System;
 namespace Microsoft.Blazor.RenderTree
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Describes changes to a component's render tree between successive renders.
+    /// Describes changes to a component's render tree between successive renders,
+    /// as well as the resulting state.
     /// </summary>
     public struct RenderTreeDiff
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Describes the render tree changes as a sequence of edit operations.
+        /// Gets the changes to the render tree since a previous state.
         /// </summary>
-        public RenderTreeEdit[] Entries { get; private set; }
+        public ArraySegment<RenderTreeEdit> Edits { get; private set; }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// An array of <see cref="RenderTreeNode"/> structures that may be referred to
-        /// by entries in the <see cref="Entries"/> property.
+        /// Gets the latest render tree. That is, the result of applying the <see cref="Edits"/>
+        /// to the previous state.
         /// </summary>
-        public ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> ReferenceTree { get; private set; }
+        public ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> CurrentState { get; private set; }
+
+        internal RenderTreeDiff(
+            ArraySegment<RenderTreeEdit> entries,
+            ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> referenceTree)
+        {
+            Edits = entries;
+            CurrentState = referenceTree;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiffComputer.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiffComputer.cs
index 254ed64305..cd2b84246e 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiffComputer.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/RenderTree/RenderTreeDiffComputer.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.RenderTree
         private RenderTreeEdit[] _entries = new RenderTreeEdit[10];
         private int _entriesInUse;
 
-        public ArraySegment<RenderTreeEdit> ComputeDifference(
+        public RenderTreeDiff ComputeDifference(
             ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> oldTree,
             ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> newTree)
         {
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.RenderTree
                 Array.Resize(ref _entries, shrinkToLength);
             }
 
-            return new ArraySegment<RenderTreeEdit>(_entries, 0, _entriesInUse);
+            return new RenderTreeDiff(
+                new ArraySegment<RenderTreeEdit>(_entries, 0, _entriesInUse),
+                newTree);
         }
 
         private void AppendDiffEntriesForRange(
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/ComponentState.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/ComponentState.cs
index ccbebab4da..0d5794fdac 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/ComponentState.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/ComponentState.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Rendering
         private readonly int _componentId; // TODO: Change the type to 'long' when the Mono runtime has more complete support for passing longs in .NET->JS calls
         private readonly IComponent _component;
         private readonly Renderer _renderer;
-        private readonly RenderTreeBuilder _renderTreeBuilder;
+        private readonly RenderTreeDiffComputer _diffComputer;
+        private RenderTreeBuilder _renderTreeBuilderCurrent;
+        private RenderTreeBuilder _renderTreeBuilderPrevious;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Constructs an instance of <see cref="ComponentState"/>.
@@ -30,7 +32,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Rendering
             _componentId = componentId;
             _component = component ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(component));
             _renderer = renderer ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(renderer));
-            _renderTreeBuilder = new RenderTreeBuilder(renderer);
+            _diffComputer = new RenderTreeDiffComputer();
+            _renderTreeBuilderCurrent = new RenderTreeBuilder(renderer);
+            _renderTreeBuilderPrevious = new RenderTreeBuilder(renderer);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -39,12 +43,16 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Rendering
         /// </summary>
         public void Render()
         {
-            _renderTreeBuilder.Clear();
-            _component.BuildRenderTree(_renderTreeBuilder);
+            // Swap the old and new tree builders
+            (_renderTreeBuilderCurrent, _renderTreeBuilderPrevious) = (_renderTreeBuilderPrevious, _renderTreeBuilderCurrent);
 
-            var renderTree = _renderTreeBuilder.GetNodes();
-            EnsureChildComponentsInstantiated(renderTree);
-            _renderer.UpdateDisplay(_componentId, renderTree);
+            _renderTreeBuilderCurrent.Clear();
+            _component.BuildRenderTree(_renderTreeBuilderCurrent);
+            var diff = _diffComputer.ComputeDifference(
+                _renderTreeBuilderPrevious.GetNodes(),
+                _renderTreeBuilderCurrent.GetNodes());
+            EnsureChildComponentsInstantiated(diff.CurrentState); // TODO: Move this into the diff phase
+            _renderer.UpdateDisplay(_componentId, diff);
         }
 
         private void EnsureChildComponentsInstantiated(ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Rendering
                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(eventArgs));
             }
 
-            var nodes = _renderTreeBuilder.GetNodes();
+            var nodes = _renderTreeBuilderCurrent.GetNodes();
             var eventHandler = nodes.Array[renderTreeIndex].AttributeEventHandlerValue;
             if (eventHandler == null)
             {
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/Renderer.cs b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/Renderer.cs
index 436c7d3f4e..8c05afc083 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/Renderer.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.Blazor/Rendering/Renderer.cs
@@ -47,8 +47,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Rendering
         /// at the location corresponding to the <paramref name="componentId"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="componentId">The identifier for the updated <see cref="IComponent"/>.</param>
-        /// <param name="renderTree">The updated render tree to be displayed.</param>
-        internal protected abstract void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree);
+        /// <param name="renderTreeDiff">The changes to the render tree since the component was last rendered.</param>
+        internal protected abstract void UpdateDisplay(
+            int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Updates the rendered state of the specified <see cref="IComponent"/>.
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Build.Test/RazorCompilerTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Build.Test/RazorCompilerTest.cs
index b8b5188f2c..439d140ad3 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Build.Test/RazorCompilerTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Build.Test/RazorCompilerTest.cs
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Build.Test
 
         private class TestRenderer : Renderer
         {
-            protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
                 => throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeBuilderTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeBuilderTest.cs
index 1a7832d5e7..aebf92cd26 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeBuilderTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeBuilderTest.cs
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
 
         private class TestRenderer : Renderer
         {
-            internal protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            protected internal override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
                 => throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeDiffComputerTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeDiffComputerTest.cs
index 5144ccdff6..a618e6cb86 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeDiffComputerTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RenderTreeDiffComputerTest.cs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Empty(result);
+            Assert.Empty(result.Edits);
         }
 
         public static IEnumerable<object[]> RecognizesEquivalentNodesAsSameCases()
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
                 {
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type));
         }
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type));
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
                 {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type),
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
                 {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type));
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveNode, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.PrependNode, entry.Type));
         }
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.UpdateText, entry.Type);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.PrependNode, entry.Type);
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.PrependNode, entry.Type);
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.SetAttribute, entry.Type);
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.RemoveAttribute, entry.Type);
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.SetAttribute, entry.Type);
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.SetAttribute, entry.Type);
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry =>
                 {
                     Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.SetAttribute, entry.Type);
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.StepIn, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.StepIn, entry.Type),
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.StepIn, entry.Type),
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.StepIn, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
                 {
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             var result = diff.ComputeDifference(oldTree.GetNodes(), newTree.GetNodes());
 
             // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(result,
+            Assert.Collection(result.Edits,
                 entry => Assert.Equal(RenderTreeEditType.Continue, entry.Type),
                 entry =>
                 {
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
 
         private class FakeRenderer : Renderer
         {
-            internal protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            internal protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
                 => throw new NotImplementedException();
         }
 
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RendererTest.cs b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RendererTest.cs
index 8737a539e1..c6b1860b88 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RendererTest.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.Blazor.Test/RendererTest.cs
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             public new void RenderComponent(int componentId)
                 => base.RenderComponent(componentId);
 
-            internal protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            protected internal override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
             {
             }
         }
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ namespace Microsoft.Blazor.Test
             public new void DispatchEvent(int componentId, int renderTreeIndex, UIEventArgs args)
                 => base.DispatchEvent(componentId, renderTreeIndex, args);
 
-            internal protected override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, ArraySegment<RenderTreeNode> renderTree)
+            protected internal override void UpdateDisplay(int componentId, RenderTreeDiff renderTreeDiff)
             {
-                RenderTreesByComponentId[componentId] = renderTree;
+                RenderTreesByComponentId[componentId] = renderTreeDiff.CurrentState;
             }
         }