diff --git a/build/dependencies.props b/build/dependencies.props
index 7cf7a55447..2f1d5fba05 100644
--- a/build/dependencies.props
+++ b/build/dependencies.props
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     <TestSdkVersion>15.3.0-*</TestSdkVersion>
     <XunitVersion>2.3.0-beta2-*</XunitVersion>
     <RxVersion>3.1.1</RxVersion>
+    <MsgPackVersion>0.9.0-beta2</MsgPackVersion>
 
     <!--
       TODO remove in next update of xunit
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/HubProtocolWriteMessageExtensions.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/HubProtocolWriteMessageExtensions.cs
index 6f499e6cd6..6a58c28e60 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/HubProtocolWriteMessageExtensions.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/HubProtocolWriteMessageExtensions.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol
                 {
                     throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to write message to the output stream");
                 }
-                
+
                 return output.ToArray();
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocol.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocol.cs
index 82ed1fffeb..0a8a2de9df 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocol.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocol.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
 
 using System;
-using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Sockets.Internal.Formatters;
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocol.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocol.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2892914f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocol.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using MsgPack;
+using MsgPack.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    public class MessagePackHubProtocol : IHubProtocol
+    {
+        private const int InvocationMessageType = 1;
+        private const int StreamItemMessageType = 2;
+        private const int CompletionMessageType = 3;
+
+        public bool TryParseMessages(ReadOnlySpan<byte> input, IInvocationBinder binder, out IList<HubMessage> messages)
+        {
+            messages = new List<HubMessage>();
+
+            using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(input.ToArray()))
+            {
+                messages.Add(ParseMessage(memoryStream, binder));
+            }
+
+            return messages.Count > 0;
+        }
+
+        private static HubMessage ParseMessage(Stream input, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var unpacker = Unpacker.Create(input);
+            if (!unpacker.ReadInt32(out var messageType))
+            {
+                throw new FormatException("Message type is missing.");
+            }
+
+            switch (messageType)
+            {
+                case InvocationMessageType:
+                    return CreateInvocationMessage(unpacker, binder);
+                case StreamItemMessageType:
+                    return CreateStreamItemMessage(unpacker, binder);
+                case CompletionMessageType:
+                    return CreateCompletionMessage(unpacker, binder);
+                default:
+                    throw new FormatException($"Invalid message type: {messageType}.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static InvocationMessage CreateInvocationMessage(Unpacker unpacker, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var invocationId = ReadInvocationId(unpacker);
+            var nonBlocking = ReadBoolean(unpacker, "nonBlocking");
+            var target = ReadString(unpacker, "target");
+            var argumentCount = ReadArrayLength(unpacker, "arguments");
+            var parameterTypes = binder.GetParameterTypes(target);
+
+            if (parameterTypes.Length != argumentCount)
+            {
+                throw new FormatException(
+                    $"Target method expects {parameterTypes.Length} arguments(s) but invocation has {argumentCount} argument(s).");
+            }
+
+            var arguments = new object[argumentCount];
+            for (var i = 0; i < argumentCount; i++)
+            {
+                arguments[i] = DeserializeObject(unpacker, parameterTypes[i], "argument");
+            }
+
+            return new InvocationMessage(invocationId, nonBlocking, target, arguments);
+        }
+
+        private static StreamItemMessage CreateStreamItemMessage(Unpacker unpacker, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var invocationId = ReadInvocationId(unpacker);
+            var itemType = binder.GetReturnType(invocationId);
+            var value = DeserializeObject(unpacker, itemType, "item");
+            return new StreamItemMessage(invocationId, value);
+        }
+
+        private static CompletionMessage CreateCompletionMessage(Unpacker unpacker, IInvocationBinder binder)
+        {
+            var invocationId = ReadInvocationId(unpacker);
+            var error = ReadString(unpacker, "error");
+
+            var hasResult = false;
+            object result = null;
+            if (error == null)
+            {
+                hasResult = ReadBoolean(unpacker, "hasResult");
+                if (hasResult)
+                {
+                    var itemType = binder.GetReturnType(invocationId);
+                    result = DeserializeObject(unpacker, itemType, "argument");
+                }
+            }
+
+            return new CompletionMessage(invocationId, error, result, hasResult);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: when to return false?
+        public bool TryWriteMessage(HubMessage message, Stream output)
+        {
+            var packer = Packer.Create(output);
+            switch (message)
+            {
+                case InvocationMessage invocationMessage:
+                    WriteInvocationMessage(invocationMessage, packer, output);
+                    break;
+                case StreamItemMessage streamItemMessage:
+                    WriteStremingItemMessage(streamItemMessage, packer, output);
+                    break;
+                case CompletionMessage completionMessage:
+                    WriteCompletionMessage(completionMessage, packer, output);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new FormatException($"Unexpected message type: {message.GetType().Name}");
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static void WriteInvocationMessage(InvocationMessage invocationMessage, Packer packer, Stream output)
+        {
+            packer.Pack(InvocationMessageType);
+            packer.PackString(invocationMessage.InvocationId);
+            packer.Pack(invocationMessage.NonBlocking);
+            packer.PackString(invocationMessage.Target);
+            packer.PackObject(invocationMessage.Arguments);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteStremingItemMessage(StreamItemMessage streamItemMessage, Packer packer, Stream output)
+        {
+            packer.Pack(StreamItemMessageType);
+            packer.PackString(streamItemMessage.InvocationId);
+            packer.PackObject(streamItemMessage.Item);
+        }
+
+        private void WriteCompletionMessage(CompletionMessage completionMessage, Packer packer, Stream output)
+        {
+            packer.Pack(CompletionMessageType);
+            packer.PackString(completionMessage.InvocationId);
+            packer.PackString(completionMessage.Error);
+            if (completionMessage.Error == null)
+            {
+                packer.Pack(completionMessage.HasResult);
+                if (completionMessage.HasResult)
+                {
+                    packer.PackObject(completionMessage.Result);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static string ReadInvocationId(Unpacker unpacker)
+        {
+            return ReadString(unpacker, "invocationId");
+        }
+
+        private static string ReadString(Unpacker unpacker, string field)
+        {
+            Exception msgPackException = null;
+            try
+            {
+                if (unpacker.ReadString(out var value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                msgPackException = e;
+            }
+
+            throw new FormatException($"Reading '{field}' as String failed.", msgPackException);
+        }
+
+        private static bool ReadBoolean(Unpacker unpacker, string field)
+        {
+            Exception msgPackException = null;
+            try
+            {
+                if (unpacker.ReadBoolean(out var value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                msgPackException = e;
+            }
+
+            throw new FormatException($"Reading '{field}' as Boolean failed.", msgPackException);
+        }
+
+        private static long ReadArrayLength(Unpacker unpacker, string field)
+        {
+            Exception msgPackException = null;
+            try
+            {
+                if (unpacker.ReadArrayLength(out var value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                msgPackException = e;
+            }
+
+            throw new FormatException($"Reading array length for '{field}' failed.", msgPackException);
+        }
+
+        private static object DeserializeObject(Unpacker unpacker, Type type, string field)
+        {
+            Exception msgPackException = null;
+            try
+            {
+                if (unpacker.Read())
+                {
+                    var serializer = MessagePackSerializer.Get(type);
+                    return serializer.UnpackFrom(unpacker);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                msgPackException = ex;
+            }
+
+            throw new FormatException($"Deserializing object of the `{type.Name}` type for '{field}' failed.", msgPackException);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.csproj b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.csproj
index 2c479940fe..b32fe05612 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.csproj
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.csproj
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="$(JsonNetVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Buffers.Primitives" Version="$(CoreFxLabsVersion)" />
     <PackageReference Include="System.Binary" Version="$(CoreFxLabsVersion)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="MsgPack.Cli" Version="$(MsgPackVersion)" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/CustomObject.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/CustomObject.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13ee93919c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/CustomObject.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    public class CustomObject : IEquatable<CustomObject>
+    {
+        // Not intended to be a full set of things, just a smattering of sample serializations
+        public string StringProp { get; set; } = "SignalR!";
+
+        public double DoubleProp { get; set; } = 6.2831853071;
+
+        public int IntProp { get; set; } = 42;
+
+        public DateTime DateTimeProp { get; set; } = new DateTime(2017, 4, 11);
+
+        public object NullProp { get; set; } = null;
+
+        public override bool Equals(object obj)
+        {
+            return obj is CustomObject o && Equals(o);
+        }
+
+        public override int GetHashCode()
+        {
+            // This is never used in a hash table
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        public bool Equals(CustomObject right)
+        {
+            // This allows the comparer below to properly compare the object in the test.
+            return string.Equals(StringProp, right.StringProp, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                DoubleProp == right.DoubleProp &&
+                IntProp == right.IntProp &&
+                DateTime.Equals(DateTimeProp, right.DateTimeProp) &&
+                NullProp == right.NullProp;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocolTests.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocolTests.cs
index d36d1b16d6..234429fb4a 100644
--- a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocolTests.cs
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/JsonHubProtocolTests.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.IO;
-using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Sockets.Internal.Formatters;
 using Newtonsoft.Json;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
             var protocol = new JsonHubProtocol(jsonSerializer);
             protocol.TryParseMessages(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input), binder, out var messages);
 
-            Assert.Equal(expectedMessage, messages[0], TestEqualityComparer.Instance);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedMessage, messages[0], TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
         }
 
         [Theory]
@@ -146,135 +146,5 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
             Assert.True(TextMessageFormatter.TryWriteMessage(message, output));
             return output.ToArray();
         }
-
-        private class CustomObject : IEquatable<CustomObject>
-        {
-            // Not intended to be a full set of things, just a smattering of sample serializations
-            public string StringProp => "SignalR!";
-
-            public double DoubleProp => 6.2831853071;
-
-            public int IntProp => 42;
-
-            public DateTime DateTimeProp => new DateTime(2017, 4, 11);
-
-            public object NullProp => null;
-
-            public override bool Equals(object obj)
-            {
-                return obj is CustomObject o && Equals(o);
-            }
-
-            public override int GetHashCode()
-            {
-                // This is never used in a hash table
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            public bool Equals(CustomObject right)
-            {
-                // This allows the comparer below to properly compare the object in the test.
-                return string.Equals(StringProp, right.StringProp, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-                    DoubleProp == right.DoubleProp &&
-                    IntProp == right.IntProp &&
-                    DateTime.Equals(DateTimeProp, right.DateTimeProp) &&
-                    NullProp == right.NullProp;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Binder that works based on the expected message argument/result types :)
-        private class TestBinder : IInvocationBinder
-        {
-            private readonly Type[] _paramTypes;
-            private readonly Type _returnType;
-
-            public TestBinder(HubMessage expectedMessage)
-            {
-                switch(expectedMessage)
-                {
-                    case InvocationMessage i:
-                        _paramTypes = i.Arguments?.Select(a => a?.GetType() ?? typeof(object))?.ToArray();
-                        break;
-                    case StreamItemMessage s:
-                        _returnType = s.Item?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
-                        break;
-                    case CompletionMessage c:
-                        _returnType = c.Result?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            public TestBinder() : this(null, null) { }
-            public TestBinder(Type[] paramTypes) : this(paramTypes, null) { }
-            public TestBinder(Type returnType) : this(null, returnType) {}
-            public TestBinder(Type[] paramTypes, Type returnType)
-            {
-                _paramTypes = paramTypes;
-                _returnType = returnType;
-            }
-
-            public Type[] GetParameterTypes(string methodName)
-            {
-                if (_paramTypes != null)
-                {
-                    return _paramTypes;
-                }
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected binder call");
-            }
-
-            public Type GetReturnType(string invocationId)
-            {
-                if (_returnType != null)
-                {
-                    return _returnType;
-                }
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected binder call");
-            }
-        }
-
-        private class TestEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<HubMessage>
-        {
-            public static readonly TestEqualityComparer Instance = new TestEqualityComparer();
-
-            private TestEqualityComparer() { }
-
-            public bool Equals(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
-            {
-                if (!string.Equals(x.InvocationId, y.InvocationId, StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-                return InvocationMessagesEqual(x, y) || StreamItemMessagesEqual(x, y) || CompletionMessagesEqual(x, y);
-            }
-
-            private bool CompletionMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
-            {
-                return x is CompletionMessage left && y is CompletionMessage right &&
-                    string.Equals(left.Error, right.Error, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-                    Equals(left.Result, right.Result) &&
-                    left.HasResult == right.HasResult;
-            }
-
-            private bool StreamItemMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
-            {
-                return x is StreamItemMessage left && y is StreamItemMessage right &&
-                    Equals(left.Item, right.Item);
-            }
-
-            private bool InvocationMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
-            {
-                return x is InvocationMessage left && y is InvocationMessage right &&
-                    string.Equals(left.Target, right.Target, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
-                    Enumerable.SequenceEqual(left.Arguments, right.Arguments) &&
-                    left.NonBlocking == right.NonBlocking;
-            }
-
-            public int GetHashCode(HubMessage obj)
-            {
-                // We never use these in a hash-table
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocolTests.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocolTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaed947e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/MessagePackHubProtocolTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol;
+using MsgPack;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    public class MessagePackHubProtocolTests
+    {
+        private static readonly MessagePackHubProtocol _hubProtocol = new MessagePackHubProtocol();
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> TestMessages => new[]
+        {
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ false, "method") },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method") },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method", new object[] { null } ) },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method", 42) },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method", 42, "string") },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method", 42, "string", new CustomObject()) },
+            new object[]{ new InvocationMessage("xyz", /*nonBlocking*/ true, "method", new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }) },
+
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: "Error not found!", result: null, hasResult: false) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: null, hasResult: false) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: null, hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: 42, hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: 42.0f, hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: "string", hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: true, hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: new CustomObject(), hasResult: true) },
+            new object[]{ new CompletionMessage("xyz", error: null, result: new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() }, hasResult: true) },
+
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", null)},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", 42)},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", 42.0f)},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", "string")},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", true)},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", new CustomObject())},
+            new object[]{ new StreamItemMessage("xyz", new[] { new CustomObject(), new CustomObject() })}
+        };
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(TestMessages))]
+        public void CanRoundTripInvocationMessage(HubMessage hubMessage)
+        {
+            using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                _hubProtocol.TryWriteMessage(hubMessage, memoryStream);
+                _hubProtocol.TryParseMessages(
+                    new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(memoryStream.ToArray()), new TestBinder(hubMessage), out var messages);
+
+                Assert.Equal(1, messages.Count);
+                Assert.Equal(hubMessage, messages[0], TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.Instance);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> InvalidPayloads => new[]
+        {
+            new object[] { new byte[0], "Message type is missing." },
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x0a } , "Invalid message type: 10." },
+
+            // InvocationMessage
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // invocationId missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a }, "Reading 'nonBlocking' as Boolean failed." }, // nonBlocking missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x00 }, "Reading 'nonBlocking' as Boolean failed." }, // nonBlocking is not bool
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed." }, // target missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0x00 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed." }, // 0x00 is Int
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1 }, "Reading 'target' as String failed." }, // string is cut
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed." }, // array is missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78, 0x00 }, "Reading array length for 'arguments' failed." }, // 0x00 is not array marker
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78, 0x91 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." }, // array is missing elements
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78, 0x91, 0xa2, 0x78 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." }, // array element is cut
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78, 0x92, 0xa0, 0x00 }, "Target method expects 1 arguments(s) but invocation has 2 argument(s)." }, // argument count does not match binder argument count
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x01, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2, 0xa1, 0x78, 0x91, 0x00 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." }, // argument type mismatch
+
+            // StreamItemMessage
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x02 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x02, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x02, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed." }, // item is missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x02, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x00 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'item' failed." }, // item type mismatch
+
+            // CompletionMessage
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'invocationId' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc2 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed." }, // 0xc2 is Bool false
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xa1 }, "Reading 'error' as String failed." }, // error is cut
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc0 }, "Reading 'hasResult' as Boolean failed." }, // hasResult missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0xa0 }, "Reading 'hasResult' as Boolean failed." }, // 0xa0 is string
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0xc3 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." }, // result missing
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0xc3, 0xa9 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." }, // result is cut
+            new object[] { new byte[] { 0x03, 0xa3, 0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0xc3, 0x00 }, "Deserializing object of the `String` type for 'argument' failed." } // return type mismatch
+        };
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(InvalidPayloads))]
+        public void ParserThrowsForInvalidMessages(byte[] payload, string expectedExceptionMessage)
+        {
+            var binder = new TestBinder(new[] { typeof(string) }, typeof(string));
+            var exception = Assert.Throws<FormatException>(() =>
+                _hubProtocol.TryParseMessages(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(payload), binder, out var messages));
+
+            Assert.Equal(expectedExceptionMessage, exception.Message);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestBinder.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestBinder.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23d50bea6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestBinder.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    public class TestBinder : IInvocationBinder
+    {
+        private readonly Type[] _paramTypes;
+        private readonly Type _returnType;
+
+        public TestBinder(HubMessage expectedMessage)
+        {
+            switch (expectedMessage)
+            {
+                case InvocationMessage i:
+                    _paramTypes = i.Arguments?.Select(a => a?.GetType() ?? typeof(object))?.ToArray();
+                    break;
+                case StreamItemMessage s:
+                    _returnType = s.Item?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
+                    break;
+                case CompletionMessage c:
+                    _returnType = c.Result?.GetType() ?? typeof(object);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public TestBinder() : this(null, null) { }
+        public TestBinder(Type[] paramTypes) : this(paramTypes, null) { }
+        public TestBinder(Type returnType) : this(null, returnType) { }
+        public TestBinder(Type[] paramTypes, Type returnType)
+        {
+            _paramTypes = paramTypes;
+            _returnType = returnType;
+        }
+
+        public Type[] GetParameterTypes(string methodName)
+        {
+            if (_paramTypes != null)
+            {
+                return _paramTypes;
+            }
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected binder call");
+        }
+
+        public Type GetReturnType(string invocationId)
+        {
+            if (_returnType != null)
+            {
+                return _returnType;
+            }
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected binder call");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.cs b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7551a3ed73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests/Internal/Protocol/TestHubMessageEqualityComparer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Internal.Protocol;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.SignalR.Common.Tests.Internal.Protocol
+{
+    public class TestHubMessageEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<HubMessage>
+    {
+        public static readonly TestHubMessageEqualityComparer Instance = new TestHubMessageEqualityComparer();
+
+        private TestHubMessageEqualityComparer() { }
+
+        public bool Equals(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
+        {
+            if (!string.Equals(x.InvocationId, y.InvocationId, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return InvocationMessagesEqual(x, y) || StreamItemMessagesEqual(x, y) || CompletionMessagesEqual(x, y);
+        }
+
+        private bool CompletionMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
+        {
+            return x is CompletionMessage left && y is CompletionMessage right &&
+                string.Equals(left.Error, right.Error, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                left.HasResult == right.HasResult &&
+                (Equals(left.Result, right.Result) || SequenceEqual(left.Result, right.Result));
+        }
+
+        private bool StreamItemMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
+        {
+            return x is StreamItemMessage left && y is StreamItemMessage right &&
+                (Equals(left.Item, right.Item) || SequenceEqual(left.Item, right.Item));
+        }
+
+        private bool InvocationMessagesEqual(HubMessage x, HubMessage y)
+        {
+            return x is InvocationMessage left && y is InvocationMessage right &&
+                string.Equals(left.Target, right.Target, StringComparison.Ordinal) &&
+                ArgumentListsEqual(left.Arguments, right.Arguments) &&
+                left.NonBlocking == right.NonBlocking;
+        }
+
+        private bool ArgumentListsEqual(object[] left, object[] right)
+        {
+            if (left == right)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (left == null || right == null || left.Length != right.Length)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < left.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (!(Equals(left[i], right[i]) || SequenceEqual(left[i], right[i])))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private bool SequenceEqual(object left, object right)
+        {
+            if (left == null && right == null)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            var leftEnumerable = left as IEnumerable;
+            var rightEnumerable = right as IEnumerable;
+            if (leftEnumerable == null || rightEnumerable == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var leftEnumerator = leftEnumerable.GetEnumerator();
+            var rightEnumerator = rightEnumerable.GetEnumerator();
+            var leftMoved = leftEnumerator.MoveNext();
+            var rightMoved = rightEnumerator.MoveNext();
+            for (; leftMoved && rightMoved; leftMoved = leftEnumerator.MoveNext(), rightMoved = rightEnumerator.MoveNext())
+            {
+                if (!Equals(leftEnumerator.Current, rightEnumerator.Current))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return !leftMoved && !rightMoved;
+        }
+
+        public int GetHashCode(HubMessage obj)
+        {
+            // We never use these in a hash-table
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}