diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/CommonWebSocket.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/CommonWebSocket.cs
index e221a64cf2..ba76cc74d0 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/CommonWebSocket.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/CommonWebSocket.cs
@@ -221,12 +221,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol
             {
                 if (!_firstDataOpCode.HasValue)
                 {
-                    if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
-                    {
-                        await CloseOutputAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Invalid continuation frame", cancellationToken);
-                        Abort();
-                    }
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException("A continuation can't be the first frame"); // TODO: WebSocketException
+                    await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Invalid continuation frame", cancellationToken);
                 }
                 opCode = _firstDataOpCode.Value;
             }
@@ -261,12 +256,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol
             if (messageType == WebSocketMessageType.Text
                 && !Utilities.TryValidateUtf8(new ArraySegment<byte>(buffer.Array, buffer.Offset, bytesToCopy), _frameInProgress.Fin, _incomingUtf8MessageState))
             {
-                if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
-                {
-                    await CloseOutputAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.InvalidPayloadData, "Invalid UTF-8", cancellationToken);
-                    Abort();
-                }
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("An invalid UTF-8 payload was received."); // TODO: WebSocketException
+                await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.InvalidPayloadData, "Invalid UTF-8", cancellationToken);
             }
 
             if (bytesToCopy == _frameBytesRemaining)
@@ -303,47 +293,41 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol
 
             if (_frameInProgress.AreReservedSet())
             {
-                if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
-                {
-                    await CloseOutputAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Unexpected reserved bits set", cancellationToken);
-                    Abort();
-                }
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unexpected reserved bits are set."); // TODO: WebSocketException
+                await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Unexpected reserved bits set", cancellationToken);
             }
 
             if (_unmaskInput != _frameInProgress.Masked)
             {
-                if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
-                {
-                    await CloseOutputAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Incorrect masking", cancellationToken);
-                    Abort();
-                }
-                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unmasking settings out of sync with data."); // TODO: WebSocketException
+                await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Incorrect masking", cancellationToken);
             }
 
-            if (_frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PingFrame || _frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PongFrame)
+            if (_frameInProgress.IsControlFrame)
             {
                 if (_frameBytesRemaining > 125)
                 {
-                    if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
-                    {
-                        await CloseOutputAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Invalid control frame size", cancellationToken);
-                        Abort();
-                    }
-                    throw new InvalidOperationException("Control frame too large."); // TODO: WebSocketException
+                    await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Invalid control frame size", cancellationToken);
                 }
-                // Drain it, should be less than 125 bytes
-                await EnsureDataAvailableOrReadAsync((int)_frameBytesRemaining, cancellationToken);
 
-                if (_frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PingFrame)
+                if (!_frameInProgress.Fin)
                 {
-                    await SendPongReplyAsync(cancellationToken);
+                    await SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus.ProtocolError, "Fragmented control frame", cancellationToken);
                 }
 
-                _receiveBufferOffset += (int)_frameBytesRemaining;
-                _receiveBufferBytes -= (int)_frameBytesRemaining;
-                _frameBytesRemaining = 0;
-                _frameInProgress = null;
+                if (_frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PingFrame || _frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PongFrame)
+                {
+                    // Drain it, should be less than 125 bytes
+                    await EnsureDataAvailableOrReadAsync((int)_frameBytesRemaining, cancellationToken);
+
+                    if (_frameInProgress.OpCode == Constants.OpCodes.PingFrame)
+                    {
+                        await SendPongReplyAsync(cancellationToken);
+                    }
+
+                    _receiveBufferOffset += (int)_frameBytesRemaining;
+                    _receiveBufferBytes -= (int)_frameBytesRemaining;
+                    _frameBytesRemaining = 0;
+                    _frameInProgress = null;
+                }
             }
         }
 
@@ -587,5 +571,15 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol
                 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("buffer.Count", buffer.Count, string.Empty);
             }
         }
+
+        private async Task SendErrorAbortAndThrow(WebSocketCloseStatus error, string message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            if (State == WebSocketState.Open)
+            {
+                await CloseOutputAsync(error, message, cancellationToken);
+            }
+            Abort();
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(message); // TODO: WebSocketException
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/FrameHeader.cs b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/FrameHeader.cs
index 7c1cb0ab51..5d9d693763 100644
--- a/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/FrameHeader.cs
+++ b/src/Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol/FrameHeader.cs
@@ -209,6 +209,14 @@ namespace Microsoft.AspNet.WebSockets.Protocol
             }
         }
 
+        public bool IsControlFrame
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return OpCode >= Constants.OpCodes.CloseFrame;
+            }
+        }
+
         // bits 1-3.
         internal bool AreReservedSet()
         {